CSC/ECE 517 Fall 2007/wiki3 1 sa

Support for assertions in various o-o programming languages

Topic :Compare the support for assertions in various o-o programming languages. How well is it integrated with the language (instead of being supplied by libraries)? How many kinds of assertions are supported? How are assertions used in the various flavors of XUnit testing frameworks?

Introduction

Definition

"In computer programming, an assertion is a predicate (i.e., a true–false statement) placed in a program to indicate that the developer thinks that the predicate is always true at that place. Assertions are used to help specify programs and to reason about program correctness. For example, a precondition — an assertion placed at the beginning of a section of code — determines the set of states under which the code is expected to be executed. A postcondition — placed at the end — describes the expected state at the end of execution. "[1]

Assertions are essentially a way to implement testing in computer programming and are specified by the programmer to check for correctness in a program. Assertions are a systematic way to check that the internal state of a program is as the programmer expected, with the goal of catching bugs. In particular, they are good for catching false assumptions that were made while writing the code.

Following is a very simple example of an assertion in Java.

if (i % 4 == 0) {
       ...
   } else if (i % 4 == 1) {
       ...
   } else if (i % 4 == 2) {
       ...
   } else {
       assert i % 4 == 3 : i;
       ...
   }

In the above example we know that if the first three conditions are false then i % 4 has to evaluate to 3 and this is asserted using assert. Note that even in this case the assertion may fail if i is negative.

Depending on the programming language, assertions can either be a part of the design process or they could be statements which are checked at runtime. In this page we are trying to research the support for assertions present in varios o-o programming languages.

References

[1] Wikipedia Page Assertions