CSC/ECE 517 Summer 2008/wiki1 6 arraysandhashes
Arrays and Hashes
Arrays and hashes are built into Ruby. Arrays, of course, are built into Java too, but hashes are only available through library classes. Compare Ruby and Java arrays, as well as hashes. Write equivalent code sequences in the two languages that illustrate the convenience of programming these constructs in both languages.
Arrays
While Java and Ruby both provide built-in support for arrays, they differ in the operations that can be performed on them. Arrays in both languages are objects. In Java, arrays are defined by the
Comparison of Common Operations in Ruby and Java
Creating an Array
One way to create an array in Ruby is to to use the new class method:
planets = Array.new(5)
This creates an empty array named months. This is similar to the Java initialization:
String[] planets = new String[5]
Arrays can also be initialized to values in both Java and Ruby. For example, we can initialize an arrays of months by entering the following in Java follows, noting the use of curly braces in array initialization:
String[] planets = {"Mercury", "Venus", "Earth", "Mars" }
In Ruby, we can perform a similar operation, instead using square brackets:
planets = [ "Mercury", "Venus", "Earth", "Mars" ]
The similarities between Java and Ruby with respect to array creation end here. Ruby provides additional convenient operations on array creation that Java lacks.
For example, Ruby provides an additional way to define an array of strings using the %w notation. It assumes that all elements are strings, but can save typing:
planets = %w[ Mercury Venus Earth Mars ]
An array can also be created by allowing the initialization of a default value to each element in the array:
months = Array.new(5, "planets")
Furthermore, since Ruby offers range capabilities, one can initialize an array using ranges:
digits = Array(1..x)
The above Ruby code creates an array of digits with elements from 1 through 100. The equivalent Java code is far more cumbersome and potentially error-prone if one does not pay attention to indexing:
for (int j = 1; j <= x; j++)
digits[j - 1] = i;