Expertiza - Refactoring UsersController

Introduction

Expertiza<ref name="expertiza>Expertiza http://wikis.lib.ncsu.edu/index.php/Expertiza</ref> is a web application available to both students and professors. The Expertiza project is a system to create reusable learning objects through peer review. Expertiza supports team projects and the submission of almost any document type, including URLs and wiki pages. Students can keep a track of their assignments, teammates and can conduct peer reviews on diverse topics and projects. It is an open source project developed on Ruby on Rails platform. More information on Expertiza can be found here. The source code can be forked and cloned for making modifications.

As a part of the coursework of Object Oriented Design and Development, we were expected to refactor the funtionality of some modules of Expertiza. This wiki provides an insight into our contributions to the Open Source Software project 'Expertiza' by Refactoring the Users Controller.

Project Description

The Users Controller deals with managing activities peripheral to the User registered with Expertiza. Users are mapped to different roles like super-admin, admin, instructor, teaching assistant and student with each role having different access permissions. The Manage Users module can be accessed by roles other than the student. It provides users with the functionality to search other users based on keywords like username, email, etc. New user can be created and existing user information and role can be updated.

Classes : users_controller.rb
What it does : Manage Users i.e.search and list users, create new user, edit/update existing users, delete users.
What has to be changed :

Modify methods to conform to RESTful style
Reducing the number of instance variables per action to one
Code cleanup by using string interpolation instead of concatenation, replacing '==' with eql? and :key =>'value' with key: 'value', modifying declarations of Arrays and Hashes and removing commented out code
Use of routing helpers instead of hardcoded URLs
Replace find_by with where to follow Rails 4.0 conventions

Modification to Existing Code

RESTful style implementation

Modifications to users_controller.rb : The purpose of the index method in Users Controller is to list all registered users. The list method was called from the index method to list all users. This implementation did not conform to RESTful guidelines. Hence, we refactored the list method in users controller to index. Further, we refactored all the references of list method in UserControllers, Users views, Users tests and routes.rb to the index method.

Before Refactoring :

  def index
    if (current_user_role? == "Student")
      redirect_to(:action => AuthHelper::get_home_action(session[:user]), :controller => AuthHelper::get_home_controller(session[:user]))
    else
      list
      render :action => 'list'
    end
  end

  #for displaying the list of users
  def list
    user = session[:user]
    role = Role.find(user.role_id)
    all_users = User.order('name').where( ['role_id in (?) or id = ?', role.get_available_roles, user.id])

    letter = params[:letter]
    session[:letter] = letter
    if letter == nil
      letter = all_users.first.name[0,1].downcase
    end
    logger.info "#{letter}"
    @letters = Array.new

    @per_page = 1

    # Check if the "Show" button for pagination is clicked
    # If yes, set @per_page to the value of the selection dropdown
    # Else, if the request is from one of the letter links on the top
    # set @per_page to 1 (25 names per page).
    # Else, set @per_page to the :num_users param passed in from
    # the will_paginate method from the 'pagination' partial.
    if params[:paginate_show]
      @per_page = params[:num_users]
    elsif params[:from_letter]
      @per_page = 1
    else
      @per_page = params[:num_users]
    end

    # Get the users list to show on current page
    @users = paginate_list(role, user.id, letter)

    @letters = ('A'..'Z').to_a
  end

After Refactoring :

 #for displaying the list of users
  def index
    if (current_user_role? == "Student")
      redirect_to(:action => AuthHelper::get_home_action(session[:user]), :controller => AuthHelper::get_home_controller(session[:user]))
    else
      #list method's implementation
    end
  end

Instance Variable Reductions

It is a bad practice to have more than one instance variables in a controller's method as it indicates increased coupling. Coupling must be as less as possible and the view should have direct access to as few instance variables as possible. Helper methods should be defined in controllers through which the view can access variables of the controller class. The code has been refactored to make use of helper methods for the instance variables in index action.

Before Refactoring

users_controller.rb


def get_role
          if @user && @user.role_id
            @role = Role.find(@user.role_id)
          elsif @user
            @role = Role.new(:id => nil, :name => '(none)')
          end
        end

show.html.erb

  <tr><th>Role:</th>
    <td><%= link_to @role.name, :controller => 'roles',
      :action => 'show', :id => @role.id %></td>
  </tr>

After Refactoring

users_controller.rb

def get_role
          if @user && @user.role_id
            role = Role.find(@user.role_id)
          elsif @user
            role = Role.new(id: nil, name: '(none)')
          end
          return role
        end

show.html.erb

  <tr><th>Role:</th>
    <td><%= link_to get_role.name, :controller => 'roles',
      :action => 'show', :id => get_role.id %></td>
  </tr>

</table>

Similar approach for reduction of instance variables has been implemented in other methods like index, show_selection, etc.

Code Cleanup

Code cleanup in the controller so that the code conforms closely to Rails conventions and further enhances the readability of the code.

Replaced String concats with #{} in paginate_list

Before Refactoring :

#paginate_list
 search_filter = letter + '%'
 search_filter = '%' + letter + '%'

After Refactoring :

#paginate_list
 search_filter = "#{letter}%"
 search_filter = "%#{letter}%"

Replaced '==' with eql?

Before Refactoring :

#index
 if (current_user_role? == "Student")
 ...
 letter == nil

#show_selection
 @role.parent_id == nil || @role.parent_id < (session[:user]).role_id || @user.id == (session[:user]).id

#show
 if (params[:id].nil?) || ((current_user_role? == "Student") &&  (session[:user].id != params[:id].to_i))

#create
 if @user.role.name == "Instructor" or @user.role.name == "Administrator"

#keys
 if (params[:id].nil?) || ((current_user_role? == "Student") &&  (session[:user].id != params[:id].to_i))

#paginate_list
  if @search_by == '1'

After Refactoring :

#index
 if (current_user_role.eql? "Student")
 ...
 if letter.eql? nil

#show_selection
 if role.parent_id.eql? nil || role.parent_id < (session[:user]).role_id || @user.id.eql?(session[:user]).id

#show
 if (params[:id].nil?) || ((current_user_role.eql? "Student") &&  (session[:user].id != params[:id].to_i))

#create
 if @user.role.name.eql? "Instructor" or @user.role.name.eql? "Administrator"

#keys
 if (params[:id].nil?) || ((current_user_role.eql? "Student") &&  (session[:user].id != params[:id].to_i))

#paginate_list
 if @search_by.eql? '1'  #search by user name

Replaced :key =>'value' with key: 'value'

Before Refactoring :

#index
 redirect_to(:action => AuthHelper::get_home_action(session[:user]), :controller => AuthHelper::get_home_controller(session[:user]))

#show_selection
 render :action => 'show'

#create
 AssignmentQuestionnaire.create(:user_id => @user.id)

After Refactoring :

#index
 redirect_to(action: AuthHelper::get_home_action(session[:user]), controller: AuthHelper::get_home_controller(session[:user]))

#show_selection
 render action: 'show'

#create
 AssignmentQuestionnaire.create(user_id: @user.id)

Modified declarations of Arrays and Hashes

Before Refactoring :

#index
 @letters = Array.new

#paginate_list
 paginate_options = {"1" => 25, "2" => 50, "3" => 100}

After Refactoring :

#index
 @letters =[]

#paginate_list
 paginate_options = Hash["1" ,25 , "2", 50, "3", 100]

Removed unused methods like self.participants_in and commented out code.

Use of Routing Helpers

Routing helpers are a simpler alternative to the otherwise complex hard coded URLs which reduce the readability of the code.Routing helpers allow us to declare possible common routes for a given controller. Routing helpers have been implemented since they maintain consistency even if changes are made to the routing paths.

Before Refactoring:

def show_selection
      @user = User.find_by_name(params[:user][:name])
      if @user != nil
        get_role
        if @role.parent_id == nil || @role.parent_id < (session[:user]).role_id || @user.id == (session[:user]).id
          render :action => 'show'
        else
          flash[:note] = 'The specified user is not available for editing.'
          redirect_to :action => 'list' 
        end
      else
        flash[:note] = params[:user][:name]+' does not exist.'
        redirect_to :action => 'list' 
      end
    end

After Refactoring

def show_selection
      @user = User.where(name: params[:user][:name]).take
      if @user != nil
        role=get_role
        if role.parent_id.eql? nil || role.parent_id < (session[:user]).role_id || @user.id.eql?(session[:user]).id
          render action: 'show'
        else
          flash[:note] = 'The specified user is not available for editing.'
          redirect_to users_path  #Replaced URL with routing helper 
        end
      else
        flash[:note] = params[:user][:name]+' does not exist.'
      redirect_to users_path  #Replaced URL with routing helper
      end
    end

Replace find_by_.. with where in querying

Rails 4 conventions dictate the use of 'where()' over the use of 'find_by_...' methods while querying ActiveRecords. The code has been refactored to replace the usages of find_by.. with where().

Before Refactoring

    def show_selection
      @user = User.find_by_name(params[:user][:name])
      if @user != nil

After Refactoring

  def show_selection
      @user = User.where(name: params[:user][:name]).take
      if @user != nil

Comparison of Original and Refactored Code

Major refactoring revolved around moving lines of codes between methods, modifying array and hash declarations, using helper methods for avoiding multiple instance variables in controller methods and implementing Ruby Conventions.

Lines of Code

Original : 248
Post Refactoring : 224

Code Complexity (Compared on Code Climate)

Original UsersController<ref name="originaluserscontroller>Original UsersController https://codeclimate.com/github/expertiza/expertiza/UsersController</ref>

Refactored UsersController<ref name="refactoreduserscontroller>Refactored UsersController https://codeclimate.com/repos/5450f2eae30ba012a6011c01/UsersController</ref>

References

CSC/ECE 517 Fall 2014/oss E1465 oak

Expertiza - Refactoring UsersController

Contents

Introduction

Project Description

Modification to Existing Code

RESTful style implementation

Instance Variable Reductions

Code Cleanup

Use of Routing Helpers

Replace find_by_.. with where in querying

Comparison of Original and Refactored Code

Further Readings

References

Navigation menu

CSC/ECE 517 Fall 2014/oss E1465 oak

Expertiza - Refactoring UsersController

Introduction

Project Description

Modification to Existing Code

RESTful style implementation

Instance Variable Reductions

Code Cleanup

Use of Routing Helpers

Replace find_by_.. with where in querying

Comparison of Original and Refactored Code

Further Readings

References

Navigation menu

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