CSC/ECE 517 Fall 2012/ch2a 2w7 ma
Scrum Tools - This page gives survey of the tools that can be used for practicing scrum. It considers the features offered by each of them, the scenarios in which each of them can be used considering what features it has and what features it lacks, cost involved etc.
Overview
Scrum<ref name = "Scrum" />
Scrum is an iterative and incremental agile software development<ref name = "iterative" /> method for managing software projects and products or application development. Scrum focuses on project management institutions where it is difficult to plan ahead. Mechanisms of empirical process control, where feedback loops that constitute the core management technique are used as opposed to traditional command-and-control oriented management. It represents a radically new approach for planning and managing projects, bringing decision-making authority to the level of operation properties and certainties.
Scrum Tools<ref name = "Scrum" />
Scrum can be implemented through a wide range of tools. Many companies use universal tools, such as spreadsheets to build and maintain artifacts such as the sprint backlog. There are also open-source and proprietary packages dedicated to management of products under the Scrum process. Other organizations implement Scrum without the use of any tools and maintain their artifacts in hard-copy forms such as paper, whiteboards and sticky notes.
Selecting the right tool <ref name = Selecting_the_tool/>
Here are some of the factors which should be considered before selecting the correct scrum tool -
Primary Factors
- Does the tool improve visibility?
- Scrum requires transparency to succeed. Everyone who needs to know about the project from the developers to the stakeholders and maybe even the customer should be able to use the tool. There is no point using a tool if only a Scrum Master or a few people can use it and everyone else has to rely on email.
- Does the tool improve communication?
- Tools can be used to open up channels of communication. For example, allowing a developer to comment on a user story and have a remote customer reply back – setting up direct communication between developer and customer and bypassing all the bureaucracy in the middle.
- Does the tool reinforce trust?
- Example: A team member forgot to update the estimate for Friday. He remembers on Monday. Can you set the estimate for Friday on Monday? In a “high trust” tool like pen & paper: you can just pick up a pen and redraw the burndown. In a “low trust” tool, you cannot do this because it is considered as meddling with the past recorded history of actions.
- Does the tool adapt to the way you work?
- Each team is going to use the tool differently. Some tools adapt to the way you work, other tools force you to work the way the tool is setup. Because of the self-managed nature of scrum, it is important that the tool support the team, and the team should not have to change their working to fit the tool.
Secondary Factors
- Standalone, monolithic or integrated -
- - Standalone tools let you create users, stories, iterations and tasks and generate some reports like burndown or velocity. Basic, but useful when you want something simple.
- - Integrated tools do only project management, but they can integrate with external tools like other bug tracking tools, source control, wikis and so on. For example, you will be able to synchronize bugs from the bug tracker to the PM tool or link tasks in the tool with code commits and so on. They can provide an overview across multiple tools in use.
- - Monolithic tools support the entire life-cycle like document management, bug tracking, artifact management over and above standard PM functionality all within a single tool. Advantages of monolithic are that all components are tightly integrated. Disadvantage is that you have to discard all your existing tools to move to a monolithic one. Also if the monolithic tool does not support a particular component (like continuous integration or code analysis) you may still have to use multiple tools.
- Usability -
How usable is the tool? When you have poor usability, people may resent working with the tool and might start working around the tool instead. Tools with poor usability may also call for additional unplanned expenditure in training and support. You also have issues of general resentment by the team at whoever foisted the tool upon them.
- Pricing model -
Is the tool open source, free or commercial? For commercial tools, it the pricing per-user or per-project? Subscription or one-time payment? What is your risk exposure should the team size or number of projects increase? What is the total cost of ownership, including training, support, customizations etc. How does it fit your budget?
Low Tech Scrum tools<ref name = simple_scrum_tools/>
- Index cards
The eXtreme Programming (XP) community swears by the use of standard index cards for a wide variety of modeling techniques, and in particular Class Responsibility Collaborator (CRC) modeling.
- Post-It notes
Post-It notes are also an option, for example one can develop an abstract/essential user interface prototype using Post-Its on large sheets of paper. This is part of a technique called essential user interface modeling.
- Paper
Pieces of paper, or index cards, tacked onto a whiteboard and connected by strings can be used for a wide variety of models. For example the individual sheets of paper can represent database tables and the lines relationships between tables on a physical data model, or the sheets can represent screens and the strings navigation flows between screens on a user interface flow diagram, or the sheets can represent use cases and actors and the strings represent associations between them on a UML use case diagram.
- Plain old whiteboards (POWs)
A whiteboard for sketching on is likely the most common modeling tool in use. A digital camera can easily make copies of sketches that one wants to keep.
Examples of Open Source Scrum tools<ref name = "Examples_of_open_source_scrum_tools" />
Here are some of the examples of scrum project management tools.
Agilefant<ref name = agilefant/>
Overview
Products are the highest level construct, and each deployment may have multiple products. Each product may have one or more projects, which are essentially releases. Each project may have one or more iterations. Each product, project (think "release"), and iteration has its own backlog, which contains stories. Stories can be moved to any other backlog, for example from the product backlog to an iteration backlog. Stories may consist of zero or more tasks. Projects can be prioritized in the Portfolio view.
The tool supports multiple concurrent iterations, which allows larger organizations to use the tool effectively.
Agilefant supports multiple users and users can be grouped into teams. However, it does not support any user roles; a user is a user, with no differences in permissions or access to features. Teams can be assigned to specific iterations.
Version 1.6.2 does not include the concept of higher-level features or epics, although this feature is promised in version 2.0 which is supposed to be released soon. It does support the concept of themes, which are an attribute of stories, and this does provide a simplistic way to associate a group of stories.
Strengths
- Rich feature set.
- Usability - Agilefant is intuitive.It lacks “drag and drop” features, but it otherwise makes good use of client-side features that make the user interface more responsive.
- Suitable for larger organizations and projects, except for the lack of “epics” or story hierarchies. (Version 2.0 should fix that shortcoming.)
- Reasonably intuitive and easy to use.
- Portfolio planning feature.
- Timesheet feature.
Weaknesses
- Stories can be estimated in hours only, not points.
- Stories cannot be ranked absolutely; they can only be prioritized on a scale of 1 to 5.
- No “drag and drop” re-ordering of stories.
- No “epics” or hierarchy of stories. Note that a story hierarchy is promised for version 2.0.
- No “task board” or “whiteboard” view.
- No differentiation between user roles.
IceScrum<ref name = icescrum/>
Overview
Products (also called projects in some places) are the highest level construct, and each deployment may have multiple products. Each product has a single backlog and a roadmap. A backlog contains features (similar to epics), user stories, defects and technical stories. A roadmap contains multiple releases, each of which has a single release plan. A release plan consists of multiple sprints. Each sprint contains stories, which in turn contain tasks and acceptance tests. Impediments can be tracked for each product.
Unlike Agilefant, IceScrum includes a task board/whiteboard view of the iteration, allowing tasks to be dragged and dropped. It also allows drag and drop ranking of user stories in the backlog. Many options are available only from a right-click context menu, which isn’t obvious at first but is easy to use once you notice it.
IceScrum is the only product reviewed that has a planning poker feature. This feature allows a distributed team to play planning poker for estimating features and user stories.
IceScrum allows only a single release and single sprint to be active at one time (for a particular product), making it unsuitable for larger organizations that need multiple concurrent sprints with multiple teams running in parallel for a single product.
IceScrum users may have any of the Scrum roles (Product Owner, Scrum Master, Team Member, Stakeholder) plus custom roles may be created. It does not allow users to be grouped into teams.
Beyond a burndown chart, IceScrum does not have any reports or reporting API.
Strengths
- Rich feature set.
- The Sprint Backlog view resembles a physical task board quite effectively.
- The Roadmap, Release Plan and Sprint Plan views support multiple levels of planning.
- Acceptance tests can be recorded for each story. A BDD-inspired template for acceptance tests is available.
- Includes a planning poker feature.
- Supports absolute ranking of stories by drag and drop, and estimates in story points.
- It has a relatively rich user interface with drag and drop capability in several places.
Weaknesses
- The story card layout would make it difficult to rank a large product backlog.
- Some features are not intuitive. Drag and drop works in some places but not in others, even though the mouse cursor make it seem that drag and drop should work. The right-click context menu is not obvious, but it's easy to use once you discover it.
- IceScrum is not suitable for large projects with multiple teams working on a single product; only a single release and single sprint can be active at one time.
Agilo<ref name = agilo/>
Overview
- Each deployment can have multiple milestones (releases). The backlog contains requirements, user stories and tasks. These three item types support a hierarchy by reference: requirements can reference stories, and stories can reference tasks. This hierarchy is difficult to establish and utilize, however. Agilo has a separate backlog for defects, which makes it difficult to prioritize defects relative to user stories. It also has a separate impediment backlog.
- Users can be given the roles of Scrum Master, Product Owner, or Team Member. Users may also be grouped into teams.
- Agilo includes an excellent and intuitive task board/whiteboard view of the iteration, allowing tasks to be dragged and dropped. This is by far the best feature of the tool; other features are less untuitive.
- Agilo has a simple dashboard with a sprint burndown chart, a graph of stories and tasks (total, planned, and closed), and allocation of tasks to team members by percent. In addition, it allows custom queries and reports to be created and saved.
Strengths
- Excellent task board/whiteboard iteration view with drag and drop functionality.
- Supports absolute ranking of stories by drag and drop, and estimates in story points.
- Good reporting features, including user-customized reports that can be saved.
Weaknesses
- Some features are not intuitive. It feels like Trac didn’t support agile concepts very well so they had to be force-fit into Trac’s model.
- When creating a task, it can be associated with a sprint, but not with a story.
- Many operations require lots of clicks to complete.
eXplainPMT<ref name = explainpmt/>
Overview
The highest level construct is the project, and eXplainPMT supports multiple projects. Each project has one or more releases, and iterations. Note that iterations are associated with projects, not with releases. A project has one backlog, and a backlog contains stories. Stories have tasks and acceptance tests, and can be assigned to a release. Stories may also be associated with an initiative, which is somewhat like an epic, except initiatives cannot be ranked or prioritized. Surprisingly, tasks do not have estimated or actual hours; they have only two states: incomplete or complete.
Users in eXplainPMT do not have specific roles; all users are the same. Users may be grouped into teams.
Viability, Support & Documentation
eXplainPMT has no user guide and only a brief README file for an installation guide. It has no forums, nor any email support. It is unclear whether development is still active; the last update was November 2008.
Strengths
- Intuitive interface.
- Supports the definition of acceptance tests for stories.
Weaknesses
- Cannot estimate or track task hours!
- No task board/whiteboard view.
- No iteration burndown chart.
- No releases or roadmap.
- Development status is unclear; the last update was November 2008.
- Support and documentation are almost non-existent.
- Not suitable for large projects since it allows only one iteration to be active at a time.
XPlanner<ref name = xplanner/>
Overview
The highest level construct is the project, and XPlanner supports multiple projects. It does not include releases. Each project has one or more iterations. It does not include a product backlog, but a workaround is to create a special iteration to use as a product backlog. Iterations contain stories, and stories contain tasks. Tasks may be of type feature, debt, defect, ftest (functional test), atest (acceptance test), or overhead. Stories are estimated in hours, and tasks are estimated and tracked in hours.
Users in XPlanner can be assigned four permission levels: Viewer (read only), Editor, Admin., or Super Admin. XPlanner does not have a team construct for grouping users.
Strengths
- Intuitive interface.
- Rich built-in reports and charts.
- SOAP API for integration.
- Customizable notation for simple URL linking with external systems such as defect tracking.
Weaknesses
- No releases or roadmap.
- No task board/whiteboard view.
- No story points.
- No "epics" or hierarchy of stories/features/requirements.
- The project is dormant, with the last update in May 2006.
- Support is very limited since the project is dormant.
Quick Comparison
| Agilefant | IceScrum | Agilo | eXPlainPMT | XPlanner | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| User roles | None | PO, SM, Team Member, Stakeholder, plus custom roles. | SM, PO, Team Member. | None | Viewer, Editor, Admin, Super Admin. |
| Reports | Timesheets only | None | Can save customized reports | None | Extensive built-in reports, but no custom reporting |
| Integration & API(s) | None | None | SVN, trac, mylyn | None | SOAP, notation for URL linking |
| Pros | Rich feature set. Timesheet feature. | Rich feature set. Good task board view. Planning poker feature | Great whiteboard view | Intuitive | Intuitive. Rich charts and reports built in |
| Cons | No task board view | Not always intuitive. Not suitable for large projects | Some common actions require lots of clicks | No support or forums. Status uncertain. No hours for tasks. No sprint burndown | Inactive and Not supported. Not suitable for large projects. Doesn’t directly support releases/roadmaps. |
Examples of proprietary Scrum tools<ref name = "Examples_of_open_source_scrum_tools" />
Here are some of the examples of scrum project management tools.
Agilefant<ref name = agilefant/>
Concepts
Products are the highest level construct, and each deployment may have multiple products. Each product may have one or more projects, which are essentially releases. Each project may have one or more iterations. Each product, project (think "release"), and iteration has its own backlog, which contains stories. Stories can be moved to any other backlog, for example from the product backlog to an iteration backlog. Stories may consist of zero or more tasks. Projects can be prioritized in the Portfolio view.
The tool supports multiple concurrent iterations, which allows larger organizations to use the tool effectively.
Agilefant supports multiple users and users can be grouped into teams. However, it does not support any user roles; a user is a user, with no differences in permissions or access to features. Teams can be assigned to specific iterations.
Version 1.6.2 does not include the concept of higher-level features or epics, although this feature is promised in version 2.0 which is supposed to be released soon. It does support the concept of themes, which are an attribute of stories, and this does provide a simplistic way to associate a group of stories.
Strengths
- Rich feature set.
- Usability - Agilefant is intuitive.It lacks “drag and drop” features, but it otherwise makes good use of client-side features that make the user interface more responsive.
- Suitable for larger organizations and projects, except for the lack of “epics” or story hierarchies. (Version 2.0 should fix that shortcoming.)
- Reasonably intuitive and easy to use.
- Portfolio planning feature.
- Timesheet feature.
Weaknesses
- Stories can be estimated in hours only, not points.
- Stories cannot be ranked absolutely; they can only be prioritized on a scale of 1 to 5.
- No “drag and drop” re-ordering of stories.
- No “epics” or hierarchy of stories. Note that a story hierarchy is promised for version 2.0.
- No “task board” or “whiteboard” view.
- No differentiation between user roles.
Overall Rating
Agilefant is a very capable tool with a rich feature set and a few weaknesses. It is better suited for large projects and large organizations than any of the other tools reviewed in this article, but the lack of a hierarchy of story/requirement levels (a.k.a. "epics") is a significant drawback for large projects. The lack of epics or a hierarchy of stories, however, is a big weakness to overcome for large scale projects.
Conclusion
See also
References
<references>
<ref name = Examples_of_open_source_scrum_tools> http://www.openlogic.com/wazi/bid/188152/Comparing-Open-Source-Agile-Project-Management-Tools</ref> <ref name = Scrum> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scrum_(development)</ref> <ref name = Selecting_the_tool> http://toolsforagile.com/blog/archives/160/agile-project-management-tool-evaluation-guide</ref> <ref name = simple_scrum_tools> http://www.agilemodeling.com/essays/simpleTools.htm</ref> <ref name = iterative>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iterative_and_incremental_development</ref> <ref name = agilefant>http://www.agilefant.org/</ref> <ref name = icescrum>http://www.icescrum.org/</ref> <ref name = xplanner>http://www.xplanner.org/</ref> <ref name = agilo>http://www.agile42.com/cms/pages/agilo/</ref> <ref name = explainpmt>http://github.com/explainpmt/explainpmt/tree/master</ref> </references>