CSC 456 Spring 2012/ch1 BC

From 2006-2012 the increase in the number of transistors on a chip has grown from 167 million to 2.6 billion, a 15x increase.

From 2006-2012 the clock frequency has increased from 2.4ghz to 5.2, a 2.2x increase.

IBM now has the 16-core processor Power PC A2, Intel has the 10 core Xeon E7, AMD has the 16 Opteron Interlagos, and Sun has the 8-core Niagara.

Evolution of Intel Processors
From	Procs	Specifications	New Features
1971	4004	740 KHz, 2300 transistors, 10 micrometers, 640B addressable memory, 4 KB program memory
1978	8086	16 bit, 5-10 MHz, 29000 transistors at 3 micrometers, 1MB addressable memory
1982	80286	8-12.5 MHz	Virtual memory and protection mode
1985	386	32 bit, 16-33MHz, 275K transistors, 4 GB addressable memory	Pipelining
1989	486	25-100MHz, 1.5M transistors	FPU integration
1993	Pentium	60-200 MHz	On-chip L1 caches and SMP suport
1995	Pentium Pro	16KB L1 caches, 5.5M transistors	OOO execution
1997	Pentium MMX	233-450 MHz, 32KB L1 cache, 4.5M transistors	Dynamic branch prediction, MMX instruction sets
199	Pentium III	450-1400MHz, 256KB L2 cache on chip, 28M transistors	SSE instruction sets
2000	Pentium IV	1.4-3 GHz, 55M transistors	Hyperpipelining and SMT
2006	Xeon	64 bit, 2 GHz, 167M transistors, 4MB L2 cache on chip	Dual-core and virtualization support
2008	Intel Core i7	64bit, 3.2GHz, 730m transistors, 4 core
2010	Intel Xeon "Nehalem-EX"	64bit, 2.66ghz, 2300m transistors, 8 core
2011	Intel Xeon E7	64bit, 2.67ghz, 2600m transistors, 10 core	first Intel chip with 10 processors

z196 4 cores 5.3ghz OOO Superscalar 128kb L1 1.5mb L2 24mb L3 192mb L4 1800 watts

Xeon E 10 cores 2.67ghz SIMD 64kb l1 256kb l2 30mbl3 130W