CSC/ECE 517 Summer 2008/wiki1 6 arraysandhashes
Arrays and Hashes
Arrays and hashes are built into Ruby. Arrays, of course, are built into Java too, but hashes are only available through library classes. Compare Ruby and Java arrays, as well as hashes. Write equivalent code sequences in the two languages that illustrate the convenience of programming these constructs in both languages.
http://java.sun.com/javase/6/docs/api/ http://java.sun.com/docs/books/jls/
Arrays
While Java and Ruby both provide built-in support for arrays, they differ in the operations that can be performed on them. Arrays in both languages are objects. In Java, arrays are defined by the
Comparison of Common Operations in Ruby and Java
In this section, we provide a side-by-side comparison of common operations in Ruby and compare and contrast them with Java.
Creating an Array
One way to create an array in Ruby is to to use the new class method:
planets = Array.new(8)
This creates an empty array named months. This is similar to the Java initialization:
String[] planets = new String[8]
Arrays can also be initialized to values in both Java and Ruby. For example, we can initialize an arrays of planets by entering the following in Java follows, noting the use of curly braces in array initialization:
String[] planets = {"Mercury", "Venus", "Earth", "Mars", "Jupiter",
"Saturn", "Uranus", "Neptune" }
Some people consider Pluto a planet, but is this arguable. In Ruby, we can perform a similar operation, instead using square brackets:
planets = [ "Mercury", "Venus", "Earth", "Mars", "Jupiter",
"Saturn", "Uranus", "Neptune" ]
The similarities between Java and Ruby with respect to array creation end here. Ruby provides additional convenience operators on array creation that Java lacks.
For example, Ruby provides an additional way to define an array of strings using the %w notation. It assumes that all elements are strings, but can save typing:
planets = %w[ Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune ]
An array can also be created by allowing the initialization of a default value to each element in the array:
planets = Array.new(8, "planets")
Furthermore, since Ruby offers range capabilities, one can initialize an array using ranges:
digits = Array(1..x)
The above Ruby code creates an array of digits with elements from 1 through 100. The equivalent Java code is far more cumbersome and potentially error-prone, as the programmer must micromanage the details of array indexing:
for (int j = 1; j <= x; j++)
digits[j - 1] = j;
Accessing Array Elements
Elements in Java and Ruby are accessed in much the same way, though Ruby offers a few additional methods for accessing elements of arrays. In Java, one could access the element "Venus" of the planets array as:
planets[0];
In Ruby, the operation is much the same:
planets[0]
In addition, Ruby allows one to index using negative indices, so that:
planets[-1]
returns "Neptune". Finally, Ruby allows the first and last methods to easily get the first and last elements of an array.
Ruby provides several convenient methods to obtain sub-arrays of an array. Such tasks can also be accomplished in Java, but require the use of the java.util.Arrays package.