CSC 456 Spring 2012/ch1 BC: Difference between revisions

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From 2006-2012 the increase in the number of transistors on a chip has grown from 167 million to 2.6 billion, a 15x increase.
From 2006-2012 the increase in the number of transistors on a chip has grown from 167 million to 2.6 billion, a 15x increase.<ref name="trans count"/>


From 2006-2012 the clock frequency has increased from 2.4ghz to 5.2, a 2.2x increase.
From 2006-2012 the clock frequency has increased from 2.4ghz to 5.2, a 2.2x increase.<ref name="proc chrono"/>


IBM now has the 16-core processor Power PC A2, Intel has the 10 core Xeon E7, AMD has the 16 Opteron Interlagos, and Sun has the 8-core Niagara.<ref name="Proc Specs"/>
IBM now has the 16-core processor Power PC A2, Intel has the 10 core Xeon E7, AMD has the 16 Opteron Interlagos, and Sun has the 8-core Niagara.<ref name="xeon"/><ref name="powerpc"><ref name="amd"><ref name="sun">


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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|'''64-bit, 2.67GHz, 2600M transistors, 10 core'''
|'''64-bit, 2.67GHz, 2600M transistors, 10 core'''
|'''First Intel chip with 10 processors'''
|'''First Intel chip with 10 processors'''
|}
|}.<ref name="intel procs"/>




Line 98: Line 98:
!Chip Power
!Chip Power
|-
|-
|z196
|IBM z196
|4 cores
|4 cores
|5.3GHz
|5.3GHz
Line 111: Line 111:
|64KB L1, 256KB L2, 30MB L3
|64KB L1, 256KB L2, 30MB L3
|130W
|130W
|}
|}<ref name="z196/><ref name="xeon"/>


<references>
<references>
<ref name="Proc Specs">This is where the processor information .</ref>
<ref name="trans count">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistor_count>
<ref name="proc chrono">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microprocessor_chronologyref>
<ref name="intel procs">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_microprocessors>
<ref name="z196">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_z196_(microprocessor)>
<ref name="xeon">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nehalem_(microarchitecture)#Westmere>
<ref name="powerpc">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PowerPC_A2>
<ref name="amd">http://www.tomshardware.com/news/interlagos-bulldozer-opteron-16-core-valencia,13984.html>
<ref name="sun">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UltraSPARC_T1>
</references>
</references>

Revision as of 01:32, 13 February 2012

From 2006-2012 the increase in the number of transistors on a chip has grown from 167 million to 2.6 billion, a 15x increase.<ref name="trans count"/>

From 2006-2012 the clock frequency has increased from 2.4ghz to 5.2, a 2.2x increase.<ref name="proc chrono"/>

IBM now has the 16-core processor Power PC A2, Intel has the 10 core Xeon E7, AMD has the 16 Opteron Interlagos, and Sun has the 8-core Niagara.<ref name="xeon"/><ref name="powerpc"><ref name="amd"><ref name="sun">

Evolution of Intel Processors
From Procs Specifications New Features
1971 4004 740KHz, 2300 transistors, 10 micrometers, 640B addressable memory, 4KB program memory
1978 8086 16-bit, 5-10MHz, 29000 transistors at 3 micrometers, 1MB addressable memory
1982 80286 8-12.5MHz Virtual memory and protection mode
1985 386 32-bit, 16-33MHz, 275K transistors, 4GB addressable memory Pipelining
1989 486 25-100MHz, 1.5M transistors FPU integration
1993 Pentium 60-200MHz On-chip L1 caches and SMP suport
1995 Pentium Pro 16KB L1 caches, 5.5M transistors OOO execution
1997 Pentium MMX 233-450MHz, 32KB L1 cache, 4.5M transistors Dynamic branch prediction, MMX instruction sets
1999 Pentium III 450-1400MHz, 256KB L2 cache on chip, 28M transistors SSE instruction sets
2000 Pentium IV 1.4-3GHz, 55M transistors Hyperpipelining and SMT
2006 Xeon 64-bit, 2GHz, 167M transistors, 4MB L2 cache on chip Dual-core and virtualization support
2008 Intel Core i7 64-bit, 3.2GHz, 730M transistors, 4 core
2010 Intel Xeon "Nehalem-EX" 64-bit, 2.66GHz, 2300M transistors, 8 core
2011 Intel Xeon E7 64-bit, 2.67GHz, 2600M transistors, 10 core First Intel chip with 10 processors

.<ref name="intel procs"/>


Examples of Current Multicore Processors
Name # Cores Clock Freq Clock Type Caches Chip Power
IBM z196 4 cores 5.3GHz OOO Superscalar 128KB L1, 1.5MB L2, 24MB L3, 192MB L4 1800W
Intel Xeon E 10 cores 2.67GHz SIMD 64KB L1, 256KB L2, 30MB L3 130W

<ref name="z196/><ref name="xeon"/>

<references> <ref name="trans count">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistor_count> <ref name="proc chrono">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microprocessor_chronologyref> <ref name="intel procs">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_microprocessors> <ref name="z196">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_z196_(microprocessor)> <ref name="xeon">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nehalem_(microarchitecture)#Westmere> <ref name="powerpc">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PowerPC_A2> <ref name="amd">http://www.tomshardware.com/news/interlagos-bulldozer-opteron-16-core-valencia,13984.html> <ref name="sun">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UltraSPARC_T1> </references>

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