CSC/ECE 517 Fall 2011/ch2 2c ac

Mixin versus Interface

Introduction

[To be changed] Functionality such as Comparable is done in Java with interfaces and in Ruby with mixins. Is there an advantage in using one or another? Consider other behaviors achieved with mixins in Ruby: Singleton, Enumerable, and DataMapper, for example. Could you accomplish these with interfaces in Java? Does this mean that mixins are more powerful? Or can interfaces achieve some purposes that mixins can't?

Definition

Multiple Inheritance

Multiple inheritance is a feature of some object-oriented computer programming languages in which a class can inherit behaviors and features from more than one superclass. (From Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_inheritance)

Inheritance vs Composition

"Inheritance represents an incredibly tight coupling of two components. Change a parent class and you risk breaking the child class. But even worse, if code that uses objects of the child class relies on those objects also having methods defined in the parent, then all that code will brake too." (Thomas 84)

Interfaces in Java

http://download.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/java/concepts/interface.html

Modules in Ruby

Modules in Ruby are a way to group together methods, classes and constants. They are similar to namespaces in languages such as C++. (From lecture 6 note)

Mixin using Modules

The most interesting use of modules is to define mixins. When you include a module within a class, all its functionality becomes available to the class. Not only can modules contain class methods; they can also contain instance methods. (From lecture 6 note)

Advantage and Disadvantage

Ruby mixins vs Java interfaces feature comparison

Features	Ruby Mixins	Java Interfaces
Add functionality/behavior to a class	Yes. When a Ruby module gets mixed in a Ruby class, the class receives the implementation (behavior) of the methods defined in the module.	No. A Java interface "can contain only constants, method signatures, and nested types. There are no method bodies. Interfaces cannot be instantiated—they can only be implemented by classes or extended by other interfaces." (Java Interface)
Favor composition over inheritance	Yes. The class that includes a module establishes a "use" relationship with the module. This is composition.	No. The class that implements an interface establishes a "is-a" relationship with the interface. This is inheritance.
The code of the mixin/interface interacts with the code of the class that includes/implements it	Yes. A mixed-in module can implement methods in terms of the host's class methods. See the Enumerable example.	No. An interface provides a set of method signatures that the host class must implement. An interface provides no implementation of methods.

Mixin

Mixin Disadvantage

"A mixed-in module's instance variables can clash with the ones of the host class or with the ones of other mixins."(Thomas 82) There are programming practices to avoid this potential problem.

Examples

Singleton

The Singleton design pattern ensures that only one instance of a particular class may be created for the lifetime of a program.

In Ruby

The singleton library contains the Singleton module that if mixed into class will make that class a singleton. The Singleton module makes the mixee's new method private and replace it with the instance method that when called returns a singleton instance of the mixee.

You do not have to code the singleton functionality inside each class that needs to be a singleton.

require 'singleton'

class Klass
      include Singleton
end

a,b  = Klass.instance, Klass.instance
=> [#<Klass:0x007fa7a28798e8>, #<Klass:0x007fa7a28798e8>]

a == b
=> true

Klass.new
NoMethodError: private method `new' called for Klass:Class

Java Implementation

Each class that needs to be a singleton must implement the singleton functionality itself like in the following example.

public class Singleton  {
    private static final Singleton instance = new Singleton();
 
/**
Private constructor prevents instantiation from other classes
**/
    private Singleton() {
    }
 
    public static Singleton getInstance() {
        return instance;
    }
}

Reference

Thomas Dave, "Programming Ruby 1.9" textbook

Java Interface