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| <title>Wiki: Cache sizes in multicore architectures Create a table of caches
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| used in current multicore architectures, including such parameters as number of
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| levels, line size, size and associativity of each level, latency of each level,
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| | A multi-core processor is a processor can have more than one execution cores packaged in a single die (a package comprised of a single integrated circuit (IC)). A dual core processor contains two core plugged into a socket whereas quad-core contains four cores. The connection between cores in the same socket is much faster than single core multi-processors. As single core multi-processors are reaching its physical limits of speed and complexity because of producing heat and data synchronization problems. |
|
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| <div class=Section1>
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|
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| <p class=MsoNormal><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>Multi-core processor<o:p></o:p></b></p>
| | Communication between multiple CPUs on same die is much faster than single core CPUs on different dies which leads to better results in case of cache coherence in multi-processing. Packaging multi-cores in single die allows the cache coherency circuitry to operate at much higher clock rate than communicating with off-chip processors. |
|
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|
| <p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
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|
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|
| <p class=MsoNormal>A multi-core processor is a processor can have more than one
| | Cache organization in multicore |
| execution cores packaged in a single die (a package comprised of a single integrated
| |
| circuit (IC)). A dual core processor contains two core plugged into a socket
| |
| whereas quad-core contains four cores. The connection between cores in the same
| |
| socket is much faster than single core multi-processors. As single core
| |
| multi-processors are reaching its physical limits of speed and complexity because
| |
| of producing heat and data synchronization problems. </p>
| |
|
| |
|
| <p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
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|
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|
| <p class=MsoNormal>Communication between multiple CPUs on same die is much
| | Cache is small high speed memory usually Static RAM (SRAM) that contains most recently accessed pieces of main memory and basic purpose of cache is to minimize the latency to frequently accessed data. Cache organization deals with the number of levels in the cache hierarchy, and with the size, associativity, latency, and bandwidth parameters at each level. Cache policies determine accessibility, allocation, and eviction policies to effectively utilize on-chip cache resource. |
| faster than single core CPUs on different dies which leads to better results in
| |
| case of cache coherence in multi-processing. Packaging multi-cores in single
| |
| die allows the cache coherency circuitry to operate at much higher clock rate
| |
| than communicating with off-chip processors. </p>
| |
|
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|
| <p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
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|
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|
| <p class=MsoNormal><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>Cache organization in
| | In single core processor hierarchy, we minimize latency by moving cache blocks closer and closer to the core through the levels of cache in the cache hierarchy. Same way we do in case of multi-core cache hierarchies, but there are some more things to be included in the design like some levels of cache can be private to a core and others can be shared one we have to into account whether cores has to share a given level in the cache hierarchy or whether a level is implemented as a single physical block or as a multiple physical distributed banks with non-uniform access latency to each bank. |
| multicore<o:p></o:p></b></p>
| |
|
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|
| <p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
| | |
|
| |
|
| <p class=MsoNormal>Cache is small high speed memory usually Static RAM (SRAM)
| | In recent release of multi-core processors, the first one or two levels in the cache are private to each core. However, deciding whether a level should be private to a core or shared among cores can depends upon the levels of parallelism like following figure depicts for Data Level Parallelism both 1st and 2nd level caches are private to each core where in case of Thread Level Parallelism 2nd level is shared among cores. |
| that contains most recently accessed pieces of main memory and basic purpose of
| |
| cache is to minimize the latency to frequently accessed data. Cache
| |
| organization deals with the number of levels in the cache hierarchy, and with
| |
| the size, <span class=SpellE>associativity</span>, latency, and bandwidth | |
| parameters at each level. Cache policies determine accessibility, allocation,
| |
| and eviction policies to effectively utilize on-chip cache resource.</p>
| |
|
| |
|
| <p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
| | |
|
| |
|
| <p class=MsoNormal>In single core processor hierarchy, we minimize latency by moving
| | |
| cache blocks closer and closer to the core through the levels of cache in the
| |
| cache hierarchy. Same way we do in case of multi-core cache hierarchies, but there
| |
| are some more things to be included in the design like some levels of cache can
| |
| be private to a core and others can be shared one we have to into account
| |
| whether cores has to share a given level in the cache hierarchy or whether a
| |
| level is implemented as a single physical block or as a multiple physical
| |
| distributed banks with non-uniform access latency to each bank.</p>
| |
|
| |
|
| <p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
| | |
|
| |
|
| <p class=MsoNormal>In recent release of multi-core processors, the first one or
| |
| two levels in the cache are private to each core. However, deciding whether a
| |
| level should be private to a core or shared among cores can depends upon the
| |
| levels of parallelism like following figure depicts for Data Level Parallelism
| |
| both 1<sup>st</sup> and 2<sup>nd</sup> level caches are private to each core
| |
| where in case of Thread Level Parallelism 2<sup>nd</sup> level is shared among
| |
| cores.</p>
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|
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| | Cache Table |
|
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| | Following table shows caches used in recent multi-core architectures with the help of different parameters cache performance can be measured and this includes caches size in each level, line size in each level, latency in each level, associativity of each level, whether each level is private or shared and coherence protocol used. Each level of latency includes previous latency cycles. |
|
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| | Quad -Core AMD Opteron ™ 2000 Series Procesors |
| | Intel Core 2 Duo Intel Core Duo |
| | AMD Athlon 64 |
| | |
| | |
| | L1 |
| | L2 |
| | L3 |
| | L1 |
| | L2 |
| | L1 |
| | L2 |
| | L1 |
| | L2 |
| | |
| | Cache Size |
| | 64 KB Data+64 KB Instruction |
| | 512 per core |
| | 2 MB |
| | 32 KB Data+32 KB Instruction |
| | 4 MB |
| | 32 KB |
| | 2 MB |
| | 64 KB |
| | 512 x 2 KB |
| | |
| | Shared |
| | NO |
| | NO |
| | YES |
| | NO |
| | YES |
| | NO |
| | YES |
| | NO |
| | YES |
| | |
| | Line Size |
| | 64 bytes |
| | 64 bytes |
| | 64 bytes |
| | 64 byte |
| | 64 byte |
| | 64 bytes |
| | 64 bytes |
| | 64 bytes |
| | 64 bytes |
| | |
| | Latency |
| | N/A |
| | N/A |
| | N/A |
| | 3 |
| | 14 |
| | 3 |
| | 14 |
| | 3 |
| | 20 |
| | |
| | Associatively |
| | 2-way |
| | 16-way |
| | 32-way |
| | 8-way |
| | 16-way |
| | 8-way |
| | 8-way |
| | 2-way |
| | 16-way |
| | |
| | Coherence Protocol |
| | MOESI |
|
| |
|
| <p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
| | |
| | MESI |
| | MESI |
| | MOESI |
|
| |
|
| <p class=MsoNormal>Following table shows caches used in recent multi-core architectures
| | |
| with the help of different parameters cache performance can be measured and
| | |
| this includes caches size in each level, line size in each level, latency in
| |
| each level, <span class=SpellE>associativity</span> of each level, whether each
| |
| level is private or shared and coherence protocol used. Each level of latency
| |
| includes previous latency cycles.</p>
| |
|
| |
|
| <p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
| | |
|
| |
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| |
| -Core AMD <span class=SpellE>Opteron</span> ™ 2000 Series <span class=SpellE>Procesors</span><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
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| <h3><span style='font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:13.5pt'>Intel Core 2 Duo<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
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| style='font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>AMD <span class=SpellE>Athlon</span>
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| mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
| |
| mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:yellow;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
| |
| style='font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>L2<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td width=59 valign=top style='width:35.1pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
| |
| border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
| |
| mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
| |
| mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#FFFF99;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
| |
| style='font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>L1<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td width=59 valign=top style='width:35.1pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
| |
| border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
| |
| mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
| |
| mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#FFFF99;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
| |
| style='font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>L2<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td width=59 valign=top style='width:35.1pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
| |
| border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
| |
| mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
| |
| mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#CCFFCC;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
| |
| style='font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>L1<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td width=59 valign=top style='width:35.1pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
| |
| border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
| |
| mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
| |
| mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#CCFFCC;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
| |
| style='font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>L2<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| </tr>
| |
| <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:2'>
| |
| <td width=126 valign=top style='width:75.4pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
| |
| border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
| |
| background:#FFCC99;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
| |
| style='font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>Cache Size<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td width=102 valign=top style='width:61.1pt;border-top:none;border-left:
| |
| none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
| |
| mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
| |
| mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#FFCC00;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>64
| |
| KB Data+64 KB Instruction <o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td width=59 valign=top style='width:35.35pt;border-top:none;border-left:
| |
| none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
| |
| mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
| |
| mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#FFCC00;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>512
| |
| per core<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td width=61 valign=top style='width:36.45pt;border-top:none;border-left:
| |
| none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
| |
| mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
| |
| mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#FFCC00;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>2
| |
| MB<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td width=102 valign=top style='width:61.1pt;border-top:none;border-left:
| |
| none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
| |
| mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
| |
| mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:yellow;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>32
| |
| KB Data+32 KB Instruction<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td width=55 valign=top style='width:33.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
| |
| border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
| |
| mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
| |
| mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:yellow;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>4
| |
| MB<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td width=59 valign=top style='width:35.1pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
| |
| border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
| |
| mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
| |
| mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#FFFF99;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>32
| |
| KB<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td width=59 valign=top style='width:35.1pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
| |
| border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
| |
| mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
| |
| mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#FFFF99;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>2
| |
| MB<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td width=59 valign=top style='width:35.1pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
| |
| border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
| |
| mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
| |
| mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#CCFFCC;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>64
| |
| KB <o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td width=59 valign=top style='width:35.1pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
| |
| border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
| |
| mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
| |
| mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#CCFFCC;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>512
| |
| x 2 KB<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| </tr>
| |
| <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:3'>
| |
| <td width=126 valign=top style='width:75.4pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
| |
| border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
| |
| background:#FFCC99;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
| |
| style='font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>Shared<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td width=102 valign=top style='width:61.1pt;border-top:none;border-left:
| |
| none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
| |
| mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
| |
| mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#FFCC00;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>NO<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td width=59 valign=top style='width:35.35pt;border-top:none;border-left:
| |
| none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
| |
| mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
| |
| mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#FFCC00;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>NO<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td width=61 valign=top style='width:36.45pt;border-top:none;border-left:
| |
| none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
| |
| mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
| |
| mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#FFCC00;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>YES<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td width=102 valign=top style='width:61.1pt;border-top:none;border-left:
| |
| none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
| |
| mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
| |
| mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:yellow;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>NO<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td width=55 valign=top style='width:33.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
| |
| border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
| |
| mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
| |
| mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:yellow;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>YES<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td width=59 valign=top style='width:35.1pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
| |
| border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
| |
| mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
| |
| mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#FFFF99;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>NO<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td width=59 valign=top style='width:35.1pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
| |
| border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
| |
| mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
| |
| mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#FFFF99;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>YES<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td width=59 valign=top style='width:35.1pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
| |
| border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
| |
| mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
| |
| mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#CCFFCC;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>NO<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td width=59 valign=top style='width:35.1pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
| |
| border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
| |
| mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
| |
| mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#CCFFCC;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>YES<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| </tr>
| |
| <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:4'>
| |
| <td width=126 valign=top style='width:75.4pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
| |
| border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
| |
| background:#FFCC99;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
| |
| style='font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>Line Size<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td width=102 valign=top style='width:61.1pt;border-top:none;border-left:
| |
| none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
| |
| mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
| |
| mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#FFCC00;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>64
| |
| bytes<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td width=59 valign=top style='width:35.35pt;border-top:none;border-left:
| |
| none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
| |
| mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
| |
| mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#FFCC00;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>64
| |
| bytes<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td width=61 valign=top style='width:36.45pt;border-top:none;border-left:
| |
| none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
| |
| mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
| |
| mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#FFCC00;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>64
| |
| bytes<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td width=102 valign=top style='width:61.1pt;border-top:none;border-left:
| |
| none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
| |
| mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
| |
| mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:yellow;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>64
| |
| byte<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td width=55 valign=top style='width:33.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
| |
| border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
| |
| mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
| |
| mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:yellow;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>64
| |
| byte<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td width=59 valign=top style='width:35.1pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
| |
| border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
| |
| mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
| |
| mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#FFFF99;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>64
| |
| bytes<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td width=59 valign=top style='width:35.1pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
| |
| border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
| |
| mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
| |
| mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#FFFF99;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>64
| |
| bytes<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td width=59 valign=top style='width:35.1pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
| |
| border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
| |
| mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
| |
| mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#CCFFCC;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>64
| |
| bytes<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td width=59 valign=top style='width:35.1pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
| |
| border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
| |
| mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
| |
| mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#CCFFCC;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>64
| |
| bytes<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| </tr>
| |
| <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:5'>
| |
| <td width=126 valign=top style='width:75.4pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
| |
| border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
| |
| background:#FFCC99;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
| |
| style='font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>Latency<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td width=102 valign=top style='width:61.1pt;border-top:none;border-left:
| |
| none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
| |
| mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
| |
| mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#FFCC00;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>N/A<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td width=59 valign=top style='width:35.35pt;border-top:none;border-left:
| |
| none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
| |
| mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
| |
| mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#FFCC00;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>N/A<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td width=61 valign=top style='width:36.45pt;border-top:none;border-left:
| |
| none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
| |
| mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
| |
| mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#FFCC00;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>N/A<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td width=102 valign=top style='width:61.1pt;border-top:none;border-left:
| |
| none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
| |
| mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
| |
| mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:yellow;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>3<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td width=55 valign=top style='width:33.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
| |
| border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
| |
| mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
| |
| mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:yellow;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>14<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td width=59 valign=top style='width:35.1pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
| |
| border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
| |
| mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
| |
| mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#FFFF99;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>3<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td width=59 valign=top style='width:35.1pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
| |
| border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
| |
| mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
| |
| mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#FFFF99;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>14<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td width=59 valign=top style='width:35.1pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
| |
| border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
| |
| mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
| |
| mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#CCFFCC;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>3<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td width=59 valign=top style='width:35.1pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
| |
| border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
| |
| mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
| |
| mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#CCFFCC;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>20<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| </tr>
| |
| <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:6'>
| |
| <td width=126 valign=top style='width:75.4pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
| |
| border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
| |
| background:#FFCC99;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
| |
| style='font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>Associatively<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td width=102 valign=top style='width:61.1pt;border-top:none;border-left:
| |
| none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
| |
| mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
| |
| mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#FFCC00;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>2-way<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td width=59 valign=top style='width:35.35pt;border-top:none;border-left:
| |
| none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
| |
| mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
| |
| mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#FFCC00;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>16-way<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td width=61 valign=top style='width:36.45pt;border-top:none;border-left:
| |
| none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
| |
| mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
| |
| mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#FFCC00;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>32-way<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td width=102 valign=top style='width:61.1pt;border-top:none;border-left:
| |
| none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
| |
| mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
| |
| mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:yellow;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>8-way<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td width=55 valign=top style='width:33.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
| |
| border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
| |
| mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
| |
| mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:yellow;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>16-way<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td width=59 valign=top style='width:35.1pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
| |
| border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
| |
| mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
| |
| mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#FFFF99;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>8-way<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td width=59 valign=top style='width:35.1pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
| |
| border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
| |
| mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
| |
| mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#FFFF99;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>8-way<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td width=59 valign=top style='width:35.1pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
| |
| border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
| |
| mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
| |
| mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#CCFFCC;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>2-way<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td width=59 valign=top style='width:35.1pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
| |
| border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
| |
| mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
| |
| mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#CCFFCC;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>16-way<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| </tr>
| |
| <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:7;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes'>
| |
| <td width=126 valign=top style='width:75.4pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
| |
| border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
| |
| background:#FFCC99;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
| |
| style='font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>Coherence Protocol<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td width=222 colspan=3 valign=top style='width:132.9pt;border-top:none;
| |
| border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
| |
| mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
| |
| mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#FFCC00;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>MOESI<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td width=157 colspan=2 valign=top style='width:94.1pt;border-top:none;
| |
| border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
| |
| mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
| |
| mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:yellow;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>MESI<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td width=117 colspan=2 valign=top style='width:70.2pt;border-top:none;
| |
| border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
| |
| mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
| |
| mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#FFFF99;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>MESI<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| <td width=117 colspan=2 valign=top style='width:70.2pt;border-top:none;
| |
| border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
| |
| mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
| |
| mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#CCFFCC;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>MOESI<o:p></o:p></span></p>
| |
| <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
| |
| </td>
| |
| </tr>
| |
| </table>
| |
|
| |
|
| <p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
| | Dual Processor vs Dual Core |
|
| |
|
| <p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
| | |
|
| |
|
| <p class=MsoNormal><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>Dual Processor <span
| | To compare performance difference between these two different MP architectures we can see following selection of benchmarks. First we can see results of AMD Dual Core System vs AMD Dual Processor System. |
| class=SpellE>vs</span> Dual Core<o:p></o:p></b></p>
| |
|
| |
|
| <p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
| |
|
| |
|
| <p class=MsoNormal>To compare performance difference between these two
| | |
| different MP architectures we can see following selection of benchmarks. First
| |
| we can see results of AMD Dual Core System <span class=SpellE>vs</span> AMD
| |
| Dual Processor System.</p>
| |
|
| |
|
| <p class=MsoNormal><a href="http://www.pugetsystems.com/pic_disp.php?id=7888"
| |
| target="_blank"><span style='text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
| |
| id="_x0000_i1026" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="" style='width:412.8pt;height:95.4pt'
| |
| o:button="t">
| |
| <v:imagedata src="Wiki_(Cache_sizes_in_multi-core_architecture)_files/image002.jpg"
| |
| o:href="http://www.pugetsystems.com/pic_disp.php?id=7888&width=550"/>
| |
| </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=550 height=127
| |
| src="Wiki_(Cache_sizes_in_multi-core_architecture)_files/image002.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1026"><![endif]></span></a></p>
| |
|
| |
|
| <p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
| | Intel Performance comparison can also be seen |
|
| |
|
| <p class=MsoNormal><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1027" type="#_x0000_t75"
| | |
| alt="" style='width:505.2pt;height:177pt'> | |
| <v:imagedata src="Wiki_(Cache_sizes_in_multi-core_architecture)_files/image003.jpg"
| |
| o:href="http://www.pugetsystems.com/pic_disp.php?id=7890"/>
| |
| </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=674 height=236
| |
| src="Wiki_(Cache_sizes_in_multi-core_architecture)_files/image004.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1027"><![endif]></p>
| |
|
| |
|
| <p class=MsoNormal>Intel Performance comparison can also be seen</p>
| |
|
| |
|
| <p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
| | |
|
| |
|
| <p class=MsoNormal><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1028" type="#_x0000_t75"
| |
| alt="" style='width:559.2pt;height:129pt'>
| |
| <v:imagedata src="Wiki_(Cache_sizes_in_multi-core_architecture)_files/image005.jpg"
| |
| o:href="http://www.pugetsystems.com/pic_disp.php?id=7891"/>
| |
| </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=746 height=172
| |
| src="Wiki_(Cache_sizes_in_multi-core_architecture)_files/image005.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1028"><![endif]></p>
| |
|
| |
|
| <p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
| | |
|
| |
|
| <p class=MsoNormal><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1029" type="#_x0000_t75"
| | Both AMD and Intel has launch many of single core multi-processors in past and spent time to improve in performance, reducing size of single gates but they found physical limits of semiconductor-based microelectronics becomes a major design concern. Multiple cores in a single die gave them a new way to improve processing power and go beyond the physical limit of single core processors. |
| alt="" style='width:510pt;height:192pt'>
| |
| <v:imagedata src="Wiki_(Cache_sizes_in_multi-core_architecture)_files/image006.jpg"
| |
| o:href="http://www.pugetsystems.com/pic_disp.php?id=7893"/>
| |
| </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=680 height=256
| |
| src="Wiki_(Cache_sizes_in_multi-core_architecture)_files/image007.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1029"><![endif]></p>
| |
|
| |
|
| <p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
| | |
|
| |
|
| <p class=MsoNormal>Both AMD and Intel has launch many of single core
| | |
| multi-processors in past and spent time to improve in performance, reducing
| |
| size of single gates but they found physical limits of semiconductor-based
| |
| microelectronics becomes a major design concern. Multiple cores in a single die
| |
| gave them a new way to improve processing power and go beyond the physical
| |
| limit of single core processors.<b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><o:p></o:p></b></p>
| |
|
| |
|
| <p class=MsoNormal><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><o:p> </o:p></b></p>
| | References: |
|
| |
|
| <p class=MsoNormal><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><o:p> </o:p></b></p>
| | http://www.intel.com/technology/itj/2007/v11i3/1-integration/5-cache-heirarchy.htm |
|
| |
|
| <p class=MsoNormal><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>References:<o:p></o:p></b></p>
| | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-core_(computing) |
|
| |
|
| <p class=MsoNormal><a
| | http://www.intel.com/performance/desktop/digoffice/index.htm |
| href="http://www.intel.com/technology/itj/2007/v11i3/1-integration/5-cache-heirarchy.htm">http://www.intel.com/technology/itj/2007/v11i3/1-integration/5-cache-heirarchy.htm</a></p>
| |
|
| |
|
| <p class=MsoNormal><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-core_(computing)">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-core_(computing)</a></p>
| | http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~isca2005/papers/07A-01.PDF |
|
| |
|
| <p class=MsoNormal><a
| | http://www.pugetsystems.com/articles.php?id=23 |
| href="http://www.intel.com/performance/desktop/digoffice/index.htm">http://www.intel.com/performance/desktop/digoffice/index.htm</a></p>
| |
| | |
| <p class=MsoNormal><a
| |
| href="http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~isca2005/papers/07A-01.PDF">http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~isca2005/papers/07A-01.PDF</a></p>
| |
| | |
| <p class=MsoNormal><a href="http://www.pugetsystems.com/articles.php?id=23">http://www.pugetsystems.com/articles.php?id=23</a></p>
| |
| | |
| <p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
| |
| | |
| </div>
| |
| | |
| </body>
| |
| | |
| </html>
| |