CSC/ECE 506 Fall 2007/wiki1 4 JHSL: Difference between revisions
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= Architectual Trends = | = Architectual Trends = | ||
== General trends == | == General trends == | ||
During the last ten years general direction of the architectural trends did not change much: the logic density is still increasing, number of CPUs per machine is rising, memory size and bandwidth are growing. The only difference is that the most of the yesterday's bleeding-edge technologies have made its way to consumer market and now available for individual users, not just big companies and research centers. Ready availability of such technologies, in turn, has fed the hi-end portion of the market and most of the commodity parts are preferred choice for the state-of-the art computer building. | During the last ten years general direction of the architectural trends did not change much: the logic density is still increasing, number of CPUs per machine is rising, memory size and bandwidth are growing. The only difference is that the most of the yesterday's bleeding-edge technologies have made its way to consumer market and now available for individual users, not just big companies and research centers. Ready availability of such technologies, in turn, has fed the hi-end portion of the market and most of the commodity parts are preferred choice for the state-of-the art computer building. While general direction is still the same, it is important to note some of the technological advances that can potentially set new direction for the next generation of the computers. | ||
== "Rock bottom" (Silicone/Carbon) == | == "Rock bottom" (Silicone/Carbon) == | ||
Revision as of 00:35, 5 September 2007
Architectual Trends
General trends
During the last ten years general direction of the architectural trends did not change much: the logic density is still increasing, number of CPUs per machine is rising, memory size and bandwidth are growing. The only difference is that the most of the yesterday's bleeding-edge technologies have made its way to consumer market and now available for individual users, not just big companies and research centers. Ready availability of such technologies, in turn, has fed the hi-end portion of the market and most of the commodity parts are preferred choice for the state-of-the art computer building. While general direction is still the same, it is important to note some of the technological advances that can potentially set new direction for the next generation of the computers.
"Rock bottom" (Silicone/Carbon)
Trend of a transistor size, current production specs and future plans.
Platter size, silicone real estate and CPU footprint
"The silicone is dead. Again." (the latest breakthroughs in silicone transistor size/speed)
The Future is here: Carbon nanotubes
Longer, Wider, Deeper and Smarter:
Longer pipelines (Intel Netburst)
Wider internal buses, more logical units
- (AMD K8, Intel Core 2, SSE1/2/3/4)
Deeper caches
- (L3 caches, smart prefetch and so on)
"Smarter" CPUs
- Itanium
- (explicit parallelism)
- AMD Opteron
- (built-in memory controller and bus logic)
- Intel P4
- (complex branch prediction)
"My dual quad-core with quad-SLI"
Intel Hyperthreading and Core 2 Duo/Quad
AMD X2, Quadcore
Sun Niagara
- 4 threads per core
- 4 cores per CPU,
- multiple CPUs per box
IBM Cell
"Personal Petaflop": The Latest in GPU world
- ATI Radeon
- NVidia GeForce
Buses and memory
Parallel Buses
- Past:
- PCI
- PCI-X
- AGP
Serial Buses
- Future:
- PCI-E
- AMD HyperTransport
- Intel EV?
Memory
- [G]DDR2/3/4
- FB-DIMM