Models

Computer Modeling

Computer Modeling (or simulation) is using a computer to model or simulate a system. Using computers to model complex concepts in math or physics is particularly helpful. Due to the great power of creating and simulating models, many people put a lot of weight in the statistics that computers can generate. Because of this, it is easier to skew the accuracy of the results of modeling systems on computers to mislead the general population.

Topic Description

The implications of computer models are often controversial, but the GIGO adage always applies: a model can be no better than its inputs. An inaccurate model has a high potential for conveying a misleading and dishonest view of reality. However, people who are less computer literate may not understand this, and may accord credence to anything that comes out of a computer. Thus, modelers must take pains not to make expansive claims about their results. Provide a general overview of the ethical considerations, both from a science/engineering, and social/economic perspective. Cover both sides of the current controversy over models of global warming. On a social/economic plane, include ethical considerations related to developments in computer modeling in virtual communities, such as Second Life.

Modeling in Science and Engineering

Modeling is extremely helpful in science and engineering. Using computer models, scientists can help stop disease through massive computations distributed over millions of computers, improve transportation by making it easier to test [1] , or predicting global warming. By using the computer, scientists can accomplish massive amounts of computation in a much shorter time and more accurately than they could without computers. However, the results of computer modeling are not always as accurate.

Modeling how global warming will affect the future has fueled a lot of worry about the future of the planet, but the model might not be entirely accurate. [2] Because global warming is such a hot political topic, the inaccuracies of a model for it come to light. A model's accuracy and precision is heavily dependent on the accuracy and precision of the input feeding it. Scientists and laypeople should be aware that computer models are not inherently accurate.

Modeling Social and Economic Behavior

The Internet is a great place for social interaction. More realistic environments are being created where people can interact with each other. These environments are so realistic, that people can lead other lives in alternate lands. One example of these worlds is Second Life. One can do almost anything in Second Life that they can do in real life including seeing concerts, starting a business, and even buying land [3]. The realism of this world makes for a great place to study social and economic interactions. (Second Life has a real economy with a tender that can be exchanged for dollars [4]). Because of it's virtual nature, extremely accurate statistics on the economic dealings of Second Life. These can be used as a model for real world economic models. Another complex online world, World of Warcraft (WOW), has been used to observe social behavior during a plague [5]. Models of human behavior during a plague and plague spreading patterns can help authorities stop the spread of deadly diseaises by making them more predictable. Since every character in the game is controlled by a real human, models of human behavior using online worlds can easily take into account the variability of human nature.

Once again, the accuracy of computer models must be taken into account. While both WOW and Second Life have very complex social environments, they can also be very unrealistic. People are much more social and open online: "Nearly 40% [of world of warcraft players] said they would discuss sensitive issues with their online gaming friends, issues they wouldn’t discuss with their real-life friends." [6] The anonymity that online environments supply allow people to be more open and more rude. It also allows them to perform sexual, violent, or slanderous acts that they wouldn't even consider in real life. Because of these facts, economists and sociologists should be careful before considering using these environments for research.

Study Guide

Introduction

1. What is the difference between modeling and simulation?
2. What is the difference between a computer model and a " computer simulation?
3. What is the difference between a static and a dynamic model?
4. What are some of the mathematical mechanisms typically used to develop computer models?

Reliability and Limitations

1. How reliable are computer models?
2. How consistent are computer models?
3. What are some of the limitations of computer models and simulations?
4. If a computer model fails, who is to blame? Is it the programmer or the people who use the data?
5. Who determines what types of models and theories we should use to help in the decision-making process for planetary concerns, such as global warming? Why?
6. Are computer models updated with the latest information and discoveries?
7. What are some factors that determine whether we believe that the computer model is accurate or not?
8. How can computer models help our society financially?
9. Would you feel comfortable relying on a computer model to evaluate your finances with regard to investments?
10. Are computers currently considered reliable evidence in our legal system? If so, what are some examples?
11. Modeling the Evolution of the Universe
12. Super Computer Simulates Sun in 3-D

Applications

1. How can computer modeling speed up engineering design processes?
2. How can computer modeling save on engineering development costs?
3. How is it beneficial to model machines before they are built?
4. What are some types of computer models that deal with commerce both on and off the Internet?
5. As we rely more on the Internet and other forms of technology to handle our finances, what are some of our "backup" plans?
6. What are some pros and cons for the use of computer modeling for the weather?
7. How could computer modeling and simulation prevent another disaster like at the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001?

Table of Contents

Definitions

Computer Simulation Computer Modeling and Simulation James Fastook

Overview

In-Depth Overview

Purpose

Why Do Computer Simulation?

Limitations

Simulation Has Its Limits

History

Early Computer Modeling at M.I.T. Eric Francoeur

Future

What is the Future of Computer Simulation? Why Computer Modeling Should Become a Popular Hobby Kenneth D. Forbus, D-Lib Magazine

Bibliography

Previous NCSU page on Computer modeling

Modeling Jet Engines

12 Things You Can Do In Second Life

Second Life Economy

World of Warcraft as disease model

Folding @ Home

Using computers to model weather

Those against global warming