Electronic voting

Study Guide

Electronic Voting

Electronic Voting has been given a rather broad definition. For the purpose of this study guide we will limit it to people casting votes using computerized voting equipment. While most conceive of a future when polling places are far more up-to-date, the idea of making a vote on a computer raises a number of ethical problems that must be solved before any such endeavor can take place. Voting in America long ago became mechanized; is it time to take make it computerized? If so, what standards should be used and what are some possible ramifications?

Fundamental Requirements

Here is a list of the fundamental requirements for electronic voting systems listed in decreasing order of importance as stated by Michael Ian Shamos in his article Electronic Voting - Evaluating the Threat:

I.      Thou shalt keep each voter's choices an inviolable secret.

II.     Thou shalt allow each eligible voter to vote only once, and only for those offices for which she is authorized to cast a vote.

III.    Thou shalt not permit tampering with thy voting system, nor the exchange of gold for votes.

IV.     Thou shalt report all votes accurately.

V.      Thy voting system shall remain operable throughout each election.

VI.     Thou shalt keep an audit trail to detect sins against Commandments II-IV, but thy audit trail shall not violate Commandment I.

Security

On thing that plagues the minds of most analysts are the security risks that would accompany converting the voting process from a physical medium and subjecting it to the perils of computers.

• Could crackers change the outcome of an election? Would an electronic election pose a tantalizing target for any vandal? Could a "voting network" be hacked like the Internet? Are we willing to expose the voting process to this risk?
• Could a rival government cause a disruption in an electronic election more easily than a paper-based election?
• Would security tight enough to alleviate the threat of outside influences make it prohibitively difficult to cast your vote? Does such security even exist?
• What would ensure security more: Open source code for everyone to see or private so that hackers can't find holes in the security as easily?
• Is there something protecting against "undervoting"?

Reliability and Standards

Another question on the minds of many concerned voters is how reliable are these new electronic voting systems and who determines the standards of reliability. Even though it may be extremely difficult and time consuming to count the paper ballots of today’s systems it is at least comforting to know that there is reliable hard evidence to prove the results of an election if a problem occurs.

• What would happen if the electronic voting machine “crashed” during operation within an election? Would there be a reliable way to retrieve the information within the machine. Would it be possible under any circumstance to lose the machines results?
• When someone's vote is lost or not counted, who/what is held accountable?
• Who is held accountable for the authenticity and security of voting machines? Experts say frequent mass audits are needed.

Electronic Voting expert/analyst Rebecca Mercuri recommends the google news feed HERE to keep up with all the latest news on electronic voting.

Problems With The Status Quo

Many see the events and confusion surrounding the 2000 Presidential election in Florida as proof that a change in the way we vote is necessary. A careful examination of the current system should help us decide if an update to these new electronic systems is needed.

• Is the current system fair?
• Does the current system discriminate against segments of the population (the handicapped, minorities, the poor, etc)?
• Would electronic voting alleviate these problems or compound them?
• Are we blowing the whole thing out of proportion? Will there always be a minority that claims any system is unfair to some group of people? Can a voting system ever please everyone?
• Why is more money not being spent on correcting/discovering these problems?

Bibliography

What is Electronic Voting

• The Future of Electronic Elections Stanford.edu
• E-Voting Standards USACM Policy Brief
• How E-Voting Will Work Kevin Bosner, Howstuffworks.com
• Electronic Voting - Evaluating the Threat Michael Ian Shamos, Ph.D.

The Existing System And The Need For Change

• Voting Technologies in the United States Eric A. Fischer, Congressional Research Service
• A 'modern' democracy that can't count votes CNN- LA Times
• Voting After Florida: No Easy Answers Lorrie Faith Cranor
• Electronic Voting Technology: Can We Be Spared a Repeat of Election 2000? Robert Bellinger

Dangers Associated With Electronic Voting

• MIT-Caltech study votes for paper ballots, levers, scanning devices MIT
• Report says E-Voting is unsafe Lynn Burke, Wired
• Internet and Electronic Voting Dave Farber & Peter G. Neumann, The Risks Digest
• Computerized Voting - No Standards and a Lot of Questions Ron Newman Statement on Electronic Voting Rebecca Mercuri
• Electronic Voting Machines Could Skew Elections Jake Tapper, Rebecca Abrahams and Eduardo Sunol, ABC News http://courses.ncsu.edu/csc379/lec/001/homework/new.gif
• Expert says flawed e-voting systems need constant audits Ellinor Mills, CNET http://courses.ncsu.edu/csc379/lec/001/homework/new.gif
• Undervoting Wikipedia

Legal Issues

• The Voting Rights Act Of 1965 United States Department of Justice
• Lawsuit over e-voting dismissed Martin Griffith, Associated Press http://courses.ncsu.edu/csc379/lec/001/homework/new.gif
• AU Professor to Testify Before Congress Brittany Whitley http://courses.ncsu.edu/csc379/lec/001/homework/new.gif

Planning For The Future - A Proponent's View

• The Case For Electronic Voting Farhad Manjoo, Wired
• MIT, Caltech Join Forces To Develop Reliable, Uniform US Voting Machine MIT
• Experts: E-voting Could Have Prevented U.S. Election confusion Rick Perera, Brian Fonseca, Martyn Williams and Terho Uimonen, CNN
• Commentary: Electronic Voting Likely To Emerge A Winner Christopher Baum CNET
• Electronic Voting: Computerized Polls May Save Money, Protect Privacy Lorrie Faith Cranor
• Australia Moves to E-voting Kim Zetter, Wired
• Open-source E-voting Robert Vamosi, CNET.com http://courses.ncsu.edu/csc379/lec/001/homework/new.gif

Related Sites

• Guardian Voting Guardian Voting Inc.
• Diebold - Voting Machines Diebold International http://courses.ncsu.edu/csc379/lec/001/homework/new.gif
• Voting Machine Overview Sourcewatch.com http://courses.ncsu.edu/csc379/lec/001/homework/new.gif
• Electronic Voting News Feed Google News http://courses.ncsu.edu/csc379/lec/001/homework/new.gif

Source Files

Title: Electronic Voting

risks/reliability/voting/electronic

• Original Study Guide
• Original Bibliography
• Provided Notes
• Topic Guide