ECE506 CSC/ECE 506 Spring 2012/2b az - Revision history

Oabedark: /* Suggested Readings */

2013-02-05T06:24:07Z

Oabedark: /* References */

2013-02-05T06:17:15Z

References

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	<references/>		<references/>


	= Quiz =		= Quiz =

Oabedark: /* Programming Model */

2013-02-05T06:16:37Z

Programming Model

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	OpenCL is an attempt at abstracting general purpose parallel programming, but underneath it resorts to sending commands through OpenGL graphics drivers and their shader compilers if available, rather than implementing their own microcode generators for each GPU available. This abstraction allows the application programmer to avoid putting his task in the framework of a graphics pipeline with vertices or pixels.		OpenCL is an attempt at abstracting general purpose parallel programming, but underneath it resorts to sending commands through OpenGL graphics drivers and their shader compilers if available, rather than implementing their own microcode generators for each GPU available. This abstraction allows the application programmer to avoid putting his task in the framework of a graphics pipeline with vertices or pixels.


	= Example - Translation, Rotation, and Perspective Projection Transformation of Vertices =		= Example - Translation, Rotation, and Perspective Projection Transformation of Vertices =

Afzafar: Updated definitions.

2012-02-07T04:34:37Z

Updated definitions.

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	= Definitions =		= Definitions =

	'''Under construction, ~~suggested from review 1,2,3,4,5~~ to include inlined links to definitions'''		'''Under construction, learning how to include inlined links to definitions'''

			; dot product : The L^n inner product of two vectors. In 3d math, the dot product normally operates on 4 dimensional vectors.
			; GLSL : GL Shading Language. A language specification that describes how shader source code is written for OpenGL.
			; GPR : general purpose register. A register file that contains the registers used within an SPU. On the AMD HD 6900 series, this register file is 4 x 32 bits wide.
			; host : The computer system within which a GPU resides. A host program runs on the CPU of the host computer.
			; OpenCL : Open compute library. An open programming standard created to simplify the implementation of parallel algorithms and programs on a parallel computer made up of heterogeneous processor architectures. Originally created by Apple Inc.
			; OpenGL : Open graphics library. An open programming standard for graphics rendering on computers (desktop, mobile, handheld, consoles) defined by the Khronos Group, a consortium made up of engineers from hardware and software vendors.
			; shader : A plain text program written in a C-like language that is compiled into microcode for a GPU by a graphics driver, and is used to manipulate data with parallelism. Examples include pixel shaders which operate on each pixel on a screen and vertex shaders which operate on each vertex in a scene. Can be used to operate on any vector element in an array to enable general (non-graphics) parallel computations.
			; SIMD : Single-instruction-multiple-data. A type of computer architecture that execute one instruction on multiple data concurrently. e.g. a processor that can sum two 4 element vectors concurrently.
			; SPU : Stream processing unit. A single processing element in an array of processing elements that make up the parallel architecture of a GPU.
			; vertex : A node in a 3d scene, described minimally by a position vector based in reference to some coordinate system. Can be attributed by a size, color, normal vector, and other parameters.

	~~; Word : Definition of the word~~
	~~; A longer phrase needing definition~~
	~~: Phrase defined~~


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	<references/>		<references/>


	= Quiz =		= Quiz =

Afzafar: Updated quiz formatting

2012-02-07T04:15:52Z

Updated quiz formatting

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	= Quiz =		= Quiz =

	1. Which of the following is an application programming interface that allows one to write parallel programs on GPUs?		# Which of the following is an application programming interface that allows one to write parallel programs on GPUs?
	A. OpenGL		## OpenGL
	B. OpenCL		## OpenCL
	C. CUDA		## CUDA
	D. All of the above		## All of the above
			# Since it is very easy to write microcode for GPUs, it is recommended to bypass shader programs and the shader compiler ad write GPU microcode directly.
			## True
	2. Since it is very easy to write microcode for GPUs, it is recommended to bypass shader programs and the shader compiler ad write GPU microcode directly.		## False
	A. True		# In programmable OpenGL vertex shaders, the "uniform" keyword is used to describe which of the following?
	B. False		## Data that changes from vertex to vertex
			## Data that must be traversed by a shader, vertex by vertex
			## Data that is identically and entirely provided to each iteration of a vertex shader
	3. In programmable OpenGL vertex shaders, the "uniform" keyword is used to describe which of the following?		## Data which is dynamically allocated by the shader program
	A. Data that changes from vertex to vertex		# In the AMD HD 6900 instruction set, a FETCH instruction can be executed directly and without being preceded with a texture cache (TC) clause.
	B. Data that must be traversed by a shader, vertex by vertex		## True
	C. Data that is identically and entirely provided to each iteration of a vertex shader		## False
	D. Data which is dynamically allocated by the shader program		# How many 32 bit registers exist in each stream processing unit (SPU) in the AMD HD 6900 architecture?
			## 3
			## 4
	4. In the AMD HD 6900 instruction set, a FETCH instruction can be executed directly and without being preceded with a texture cache (TC) clause.		## 5
	A. True		## 6
	B. False		# The 4 element vector dot product executed in one stream processing unit (SPU) in the AMD HD 6900 architecture can best be classified as a ____ instruction according to Flynn's taxonomy.
			## SIMD
			## SISD
	5. How many 32 bit registers exist in each stream processing unit (SPU) in the AMD HD 6900 architecture?		## MISD
	A. 3		## MIMD
	B. 4		# A stream processing unit (SPU) in the AMD HD 6900 series architecture can execute the DOT4 ALU instruction on data stored in a texture cache directly.
	C. 5		## True
	D. 6		## False
			# It is the responsibility of the application programmer to manage moving data from GPU device memory to registers within the stream processing units (SPU) in the AMD HD 6900 series architecture when writing a host program using OpenGL.
			## True
	6. The 4 element vector dot product executed in one stream processing unit (SPU) in the AMD HD 6900 architecture can best be classified as a ____ instruction according to Flynn's taxonomy.		## False
	A. SIMD		# What is the maximum number of slots for ALU instructions in an ALU clause in the AMD HD 6900 series architecture?
	B. SISD		## 64
	C. MISD		## 128
	D. MIMD		## 256
			## 127
			# The DOT4 ALU instruction in the AMD HD 6900 series architecture stores the 32 bit floating point result in a general purpose register (GPU) within the stream processing unit (SPU) automatically.
	7. A stream processing unit (SPU) in the AMD HD 6900 series architecture can execute the DOT4 ALU instruction on data stored in a texture cache directly.		## True
	A. True		## False
	B. False


	8. It is the responsibility of the application programmer to manage moving data from GPU device memory to registers within the stream processing units (SPU) in the AMD HD 6900 series architecture when writing a host program using OpenGL.
	A. True
	B. False


	9. What is the maximum number of slots for ALU instructions in an ALU clause in the AMD HD 6900 series architecture?
	A. 64
	B. 128
	C. 256
	D. 127


	~~10.~~ The DOT4 ALU instruction in the AMD HD 6900 series architecture stores the 32 bit floating point result in a general purpose register (GPU) within the stream processing unit (SPU) automatically.
	A. True
	B. False

Afzafar: Added quiz

2012-02-07T04:10:53Z

Added quiz

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Afzafar: Added name to shader

2012-02-07T03:26:22Z

Added name to shader

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	= Data Parallel Programming with AMD 69xx Series Graphics Processing Unit =		= Data Parallel Programming with AMD 69xx Series Graphics Processing Unit =

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	<pre>		<pre>

			//
			// shaderfun.c
			//
			// Created by Adnan Zafar on 1/29/12.
			//

	#include <...>		#include <...>

Afzafar: Corrected paragraph spacing and added a book reference to suggested reading.

2012-02-07T03:24:40Z

Corrected paragraph spacing and added a book reference to suggested reading.

Show changes

Afzafar: Updated the suggested readings section

2012-02-07T03:12:28Z

Updated the suggested readings section

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	=== Shader Program ===		=== Shader Program ===

	~~'''Under construction, reviews 3,5, and 6 recommend more and clearer explanations of the code. Review 5 suggested citing sources used when creating the shader program'''~~

	To accomplish the pseudocode above in GLSL, GLSL operations must exist that can:		To accomplish the pseudocode above in GLSL, GLSL operations must exist that can:
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	\|End the kernel		\|End the kernel
	\|}		\|}


	=== Host Program ===		=== Host Program ===
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	== Suggested Readings ==		== Suggested Readings ==

	'''~~Under construction~~, ~~suggested from~~ review ~~3'''~~		To learn more about OpenGL, including tutorials on how to implement different features in applications, refer to the guides on OpenGL.org<ref name=OpenGLorg>''OpenGL.org''. The Khronos Group, January 19, 2012. URL http://www.opengl.org/</ref>. This site is a good reference for beginnings learning what and how to utilize OpenGL, and also contains information useful for veteran application developers and driver developers through various articles.

			To learn more about the AMD HD 6900 series GPU and it's instruction set, the article on AnandTech on the HD6950 and HD 6970<ref name="HD6970AnandTech"/> are recommended.

			To learn the specifics of the OpenGL 4.2 and ES 2.0 implementations, it is recommended to review their specifications at <ref name=OpenGL42/> and <ref name=OpenGLES2/> respectively.

	~~To learn more about~~ OpenGL, ~~including tutorials on how~~ to ~~implement different features in applications~~, ~~refer~~ to ~~the guides on~~ OpenGL.~~org. REFERENCE AND MORE DETAIL NEEDED~~		Apple provides relevant information on OpenGL ES 2.0 on their iOS programming guide<ref name="iOSOpenGLESGuide"/>, where the concepts can be learned and applied to other platforms (Android, Windows Phone, etc.) or desktops.

			It is strongly recommended that the reader picks up a free compilers and begins experimenting and learning how to use OpenGL and their GPUs in general.

	~~To learn more about ETC.~~

	== References ==		== References ==

	~~'''Complete - reviews 1,2,3,5,6,7 recommended changing the links to hypertext and being inlined in the article.'''~~

	<references/>		<references/>

Afzafar: Added reference to inspiration for GLSL code

2012-02-07T03:03:26Z

Added reference to inspiration for GLSL code

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	= Data Parallel Programming with AMD 69xx Series Graphics Processing Unit =		= Data Parallel Programming with AMD 69xx Series Graphics Processing Unit =

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	</pre>		</pre>


			This shader program was developed by the author after having referenced the GLSL manual <ref name=GLSLReference/>.

	The vertex coordinates v are passed in as an ‘attribute’, which is an indexed element of the (bound and enabled) vertex array or vertex buffer object. The model-view-projection matrix A is loaded by the host program into device memory as a ‘uniform’, instructing the vertex program compiler that it should be treated as a constant across all vertices. The current vertex v is transformed by model-view-projection matrix A and stored into the gl_Position variable. gl_Position is a unique variable to vertex shaders, and is a standard output that must be written otherwise it is undefined, but could be initialized to (0,0,0,0) depending on the OpenGL driver implementation<ref name ="HD6900Manual"/><ref name=OpenGL42/>. More details on the expected output variables of shaders, consult the GLSL shading manual <ref name=GLSLReference/>.		The vertex coordinates v are passed in as an ‘attribute’, which is an indexed element of the (bound and enabled) vertex array or vertex buffer object. The model-view-projection matrix A is loaded by the host program into device memory as a ‘uniform’, instructing the vertex program compiler that it should be treated as a constant across all vertices. The current vertex v is transformed by model-view-projection matrix A and stored into the gl_Position variable. gl_Position is a unique variable to vertex shaders, and is a standard output that must be written otherwise it is undefined, but could be initialized to (0,0,0,0) depending on the OpenGL driver implementation<ref name ="HD6900Manual"/><ref name=OpenGL42/>. More details on the expected output variables of shaders, consult the GLSL shading manual <ref name=GLSLReference/>.

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	It is strongly recommended that the reader picks up a free compiler and begins experimenting and learning OpenGL, computer graphics, and how to use their GPUs in general.		It is strongly recommended that the reader picks up a free compiler and begins experimenting and learning OpenGL, computer graphics, and how to use their GPUs in general.


	= References =		= References =