CSC 456 Spring 2012/ch1 BC - Revision history

Bachish2 at 18:58, 20 February 2012

2012-02-20T18:58:45Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:58, 20 February 2012
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	~~From 2006-2012 the increase in the number of transistors on a chip has grown from 167 million to 2.6 billion, a 15x increase.<ref name~~=~~"trans count"/>~~		==Processor Improvement==

	From 2006-2012 the ~~clock frequency~~ has ~~increased~~ from 2.~~4ghz to 5.2~~, a ~~2.2x~~ increase.<ref name="~~proc chrono~~"/>		From page 2 of Solihin, the change in transistor counts from 1971-2006 is mentioned to have increased from 2,300 to 167 million, a 72,608x increase. From 2006-2012 the increase in the number of transistors on a chip has grown from 167 million to 2.6 billion, a 15x increase.<ref name="trans count"/>

	~~IBM now has~~ the 16-~~core processor Power PC A2~~, ~~Intel has~~ the ~~10 core Xeon E7, AMD~~ has ~~the 16 Opteron Interlagos~~, ~~and Sun has the 8-core Niagara~~.<ref name="~~xeon"/><ref name="powerpc"/><ref name="amd"/><ref name="sun~~"/>		Also from page 2, it is mentioned that the clock frequency of processors grew from 750 KHz to 2.4 GHz between 1971-2006, a 3,200x increase. From 2006-2012 the clock frequency has increased from 2.4ghz to 5.2, a 2.2x increase.<ref name="proc chrono"/>


			The following facts have been updated from the original list on page 4 of Solihin:

			*IBM now has the 16-core processor Power PC A2
			*Intel has the 10 core Xeon E7
			*AMD has the 16 Opteron Interlagos
			*Sun has the 8-core Niagara.<ref name="xeon"/><ref name="powerpc"/><ref name="amd"/><ref name="sun"/>

			==Tables==

			The following table shows the improvement in Intel processors since 1971. The bold items are Intel processors that have come out since the book was written. Original table can be found on page 4 of the book.
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			The following table is a revised version of the one on page 8 of Solihin listing some examples of current high end multicore processors.
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			==Top Trends==

			===Super Computers===
			The top rated super computer for November 2011 is Japan's "K Computer", rated by top500.org.<ref name="top2011"/> The K Computer operates at 10.51 petaflop/s with 705,024 cores and is the first to break the 10 petaflop/s barrier. Just one year earlier the highest rated supercomputer was China's Tianhe-1A at 2.57 petaflop/s, 1/4 as fast as the K Computer.

			This is the second top500 list in a row that the K Computer stayed in first place. In fact, none of the top 10 changed, which is mentioned here by TOP500 editor Erich Strohmaier, "This is the first time since we began publishing the list back in 1993 that the top 10 systems showed no turnover".<ref name="top2011"/> This shows that the improvement in potential processing power has started to slow down. This observation combined with the reduction in transistor count and clock frequency growth described earlier would suggest that we are approaching the "wall" of processing capabilities.

			===Cluster Computing===
			Since June 2006, the trending supercomputer architecture has gone towards cluster computing. Cluster architecture usage has gone from 72% in 2006 to 82% in 2011, while Constellation has gone from 7.6% to 0%.<ref name="topstats"/>

	==References==		==References==
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	<ref name="amd">http://www.tomshardware.com/news/interlagos-bulldozer-opteron-16-core-valencia,13984.html </ref>		<ref name="amd">http://www.tomshardware.com/news/interlagos-bulldozer-opteron-16-core-valencia,13984.html </ref>
	<ref name="sun">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UltraSPARC_T1 </ref>		<ref name="sun">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UltraSPARC_T1 </ref>
			<ref name="top2011">http://top500.org/lists/2011/11</ref>
			<ref name="topstats">http://i.top500.org/stats</ref>
	</references>		</references>

Bachish2 at 01:55, 13 February 2012

2012-02-13T01:55:59Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:55, 13 February 2012
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	\|130W		\|130W
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			==References==

	<references>		<references>
	<ref name="trans count"> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistor_count </ref>		<ref name="trans count">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistor_count </ref>
	<ref name="proc chrono"> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microprocessor_chronologyref </ref>		<ref name="proc chrono">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microprocessor_chronologyref </ref>
	<ref name="intel procs">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_microprocessors </ref>		<ref name="intel procs">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_microprocessors </ref>
	<ref name="z196">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_z196_(microprocessor) </ref>		<ref name="z196">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_z196_(microprocessor) </ref>

Ccoffey at 01:53, 13 February 2012

2012-02-13T01:53:57Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:53, 13 February 2012
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	<references>		<references>
	<ref name="trans count"> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistor_count>		<ref name="trans count"> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistor_count </ref>
	<ref name="proc chrono"> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microprocessor_chronologyref>		<ref name="proc chrono"> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microprocessor_chronologyref </ref>
	<ref name="intel procs">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_microprocessors>		<ref name="intel procs">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_microprocessors </ref>
	<ref name="z196">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_z196_(microprocessor)>		<ref name="z196">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_z196_(microprocessor) </ref>
	<ref name="xeon">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nehalem_(microarchitecture)#Westmere>		<ref name="xeon">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nehalem_(microarchitecture)#Westmere </ref>
	<ref name="powerpc">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PowerPC_A2>		<ref name="powerpc">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PowerPC_A2 </ref>
	<ref name="amd">http://www.tomshardware.com/news/interlagos-bulldozer-opteron-16-core-valencia,13984.html>		<ref name="amd">http://www.tomshardware.com/news/interlagos-bulldozer-opteron-16-core-valencia,13984.html </ref>
	<ref name="sun">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UltraSPARC_T1>		<ref name="sun">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UltraSPARC_T1 </ref>
	</references>		</references>

Ccoffey at 01:52, 13 February 2012

2012-02-13T01:52:24Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:52, 13 February 2012
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	<references>		<references>
	<ref name="trans count"> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistor_count>		<ref name="trans count"> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistor_count>
	<ref name="proc chrono" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microprocessor_chronologyref>		<ref name="proc chrono"> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microprocessor_chronologyref>
	<ref name="intel procs">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_microprocessors>		<ref name="intel procs">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_microprocessors>
	<ref name="z196">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_z196_(microprocessor)>		<ref name="z196">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_z196_(microprocessor)>

Bachish2 at 01:48, 13 February 2012

2012-02-13T01:48:25Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:48, 13 February 2012
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	<ref name="trans count"> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistor_count>		<ref name="trans count"> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistor_count>
	<ref name="proc chrono" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microprocessor_chronologyref>		<ref name="proc chrono" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microprocessor_chronologyref>
	<ref name="intel procs"><http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_microprocessors>		<ref name="intel procs">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_microprocessors>
	<ref name="z196"><http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_z196_(microprocessor)>		<ref name="z196">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_z196_(microprocessor)>
	<ref name="xeon"><http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nehalem_(microarchitecture)#Westmere>		<ref name="xeon">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nehalem_(microarchitecture)#Westmere>
	<ref name="powerpc"><http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PowerPC_A2>		<ref name="powerpc">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PowerPC_A2>
	<ref name="amd"><http://www.tomshardware.com/news/interlagos-bulldozer-opteron-16-core-valencia,13984.html>		<ref name="amd">http://www.tomshardware.com/news/interlagos-bulldozer-opteron-16-core-valencia,13984.html>
	<ref name="sun"><http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UltraSPARC_T1>		<ref name="sun">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UltraSPARC_T1>
	</references>		</references>

Bachish2 at 01:45, 13 February 2012

2012-02-13T01:45:29Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:45, 13 February 2012
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	<references>		<references>
	<ref name="trans count"><http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistor_count>		<ref name="trans count"> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistor_count>
	<ref name="proc chrono"><http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microprocessor_chronologyref>		<ref name="proc chrono" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microprocessor_chronologyref>
	<ref name="intel procs"><http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_microprocessors>		<ref name="intel procs"><http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_microprocessors>
	<ref name="z196"><http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_z196_(microprocessor)>		<ref name="z196"><http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_z196_(microprocessor)>

Bachish2 at 01:43, 13 February 2012

2012-02-13T01:43:42Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:43, 13 February 2012
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	<references>		<references>
	<ref name="trans count">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistor_count>		<ref name="trans count"><http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistor_count>
	<ref name="proc chrono">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microprocessor_chronologyref>		<ref name="proc chrono"><http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microprocessor_chronologyref>
	<ref name="intel procs">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_microprocessors>		<ref name="intel procs"><http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_microprocessors>
	<ref name="z196">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_z196_(microprocessor)>		<ref name="z196"><http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_z196_(microprocessor)>
	<ref name="xeon">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nehalem_(microarchitecture)#Westmere>		<ref name="xeon"><http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nehalem_(microarchitecture)#Westmere>
	<ref name="powerpc">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PowerPC_A2>		<ref name="powerpc"><http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PowerPC_A2>
	<ref name="amd">http://www.tomshardware.com/news/interlagos-bulldozer-opteron-16-core-valencia,13984.html>		<ref name="amd"><http://www.tomshardware.com/news/interlagos-bulldozer-opteron-16-core-valencia,13984.html>
	<ref name="sun">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UltraSPARC_T1>		<ref name="sun"><http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UltraSPARC_T1>
	</references>		</references>

Bachish2 at 01:38, 13 February 2012

2012-02-13T01:38:01Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:38, 13 February 2012
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	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
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	!Evolution of Intel Processors		!Evolution of Intel Processors<ref name="intel procs"/>
	\|-		\|-
	!From		!From
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	\|'''64-bit, 2.67GHz, 2600M transistors, 10 core'''		\|'''64-bit, 2.67GHz, 2600M transistors, 10 core'''
	\|'''First Intel chip with 10 processors'''		\|'''First Intel chip with 10 processors'''
	\|}~~<ref name="intel procs"/>~~		\|}

Bachish2 at 01:37, 13 February 2012

2012-02-13T01:37:39Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:37, 13 February 2012
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	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
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	!Examples of Current Multicore Processors		!Examples of Current Multicore Processors<ref name="z196"/><ref name="xeon"/>
	\|-		\|-
	!Name		!Name
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	\|64KB L1, 256KB L2, 30MB L3		\|64KB L1, 256KB L2, 30MB L3
	\|130W		\|130W
	\|}~~<ref name="z196"/><ref name="xeon"/>~~		\|}

	<references>		<references>

Bachish2 at 01:36, 13 February 2012

2012-02-13T01:36:56Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:36, 13 February 2012
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	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|-		\|-
	!Evolution of Intel Processors~~<ref name="z196"/><ref name="xeon"/>~~		!Evolution of Intel Processors
	\|-		\|-
	!From		!From
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	\|'''64-bit, 2.67GHz, 2600M transistors, 10 core'''		\|'''64-bit, 2.67GHz, 2600M transistors, 10 core'''
	\|'''First Intel chip with 10 processors'''		\|'''First Intel chip with 10 processors'''
	\|}.<ref name="intel procs"/>		\|}<ref name="intel procs"/>


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	\|64KB L1, 256KB L2, 30MB L3		\|64KB L1, 256KB L2, 30MB L3
	\|130W		\|130W
	\|}		\|}<ref name="z196"/><ref name="xeon"/>

	<references>		<references>