CSC/ECE 506 Spring 2012/1a mw - Revision history

Mbplautz at 04:32, 7 February 2012

2012-02-07T04:32:29Z

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	<p><b>Comparisons Between Supercomputers</b></p>		<p><b>Comparisons Between Supercomputers</b></p>
	<p>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/supercomputer Supercomputers] are extremely capable computers, able to solve complex tasks in a relatively small amount of time. Their ability to massively outperform typical home and office computers is made possible normally either by an abundance of processor cores or smaller computers working in conjunction together. Supercomputers are generally specialized computers that tend to be very expensive, not available for general-purpose use and are used in computations where large amounts of numerical processing is required. They are used in scientific, military, graphics applications and for other number or data intensive computations <ref>http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/supercomputer Definition of supercomputer</ref>, <ref>http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/supercomputer.html Definition of supercomputer</ref>.</p>		<p>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/supercomputer Supercomputers] are extremely capable computers, able to solve complex tasks in a relatively small amount of time. Their ability to massively outperform typical home and office computers is made possible normally either by an abundance of processor cores or smaller computers working in conjunction together. Supercomputers are generally specialized computers that tend to be very expensive, not available for general-purpose use and are used in computations where large amounts of numerical processing is required. They are used in scientific, military, graphics applications and for other number or data intensive computations <ref>http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/supercomputer Definition of supercomputer</ref>, <ref>http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/supercomputer.html Definition of supercomputer</ref>.</p>
			<p>Since supercomputers have existed, as technology has advanced, they have continued to be surpassed by one another. This has lead to a drive for engineers and scientists to design and create supercomputers that continue to outperform others<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercomputer#History</ref>. This article compares current supercomputers as well as supercomputer architectures.</p>
	<p>For the history, development and current state of supercomputing, including a fairly recent, detailed top 10 list, please see [http://expertiza.csc.ncsu.edu/wiki/index.php/CSC/ECE_506_Spring_2012/1a_ry a fellow student's wiki article on Supercomputers].</p>		<p>For the history, development and current state of supercomputing, including a fairly recent, detailed top 10 list, please see [http://expertiza.csc.ncsu.edu/wiki/index.php/CSC/ECE_506_Spring_2012/1a_ry a fellow student's wiki article on Supercomputers].</p>

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	== Grid Computing ==		== Grid Computing ==
	[[File:20120130-grid-computing-graph.png\|thumb\|right\|upright\|350px\|Daily computing power (TFLOPS) over a several month period. Image from http://www.gridrepublic.org/index.php?page=stats]]		[[File:20120130-grid-computing-graph.png\|thumb\|right\|upright\|350px\|Daily computing power (TFLOPS) of grid supercomputers over a several month period. Image from http://www.gridrepublic.org/index.php?page=stats]]
	<p>Grid Computing is defined as applying many networked computers to solving a single problem simultaneously<ref>http://searchdatacenter.techtarget.com/definition/grid-computing</ref>. It is also defined as a network of computers used by a single company or organization to solve a problem<ref>http://boinc.berkeley.edu/trac/wiki/DesktopGrid</ref>. Yet another definition as implemented by GridRepublic.org creates a supercomputing grid by using volunteer computers from across the globe<ref>http://www.gridrepublic.org/index.php?page=about</ref>. All of these definitions have something in common, and that is using parallel processing to attack a problem that can be broken up into many pieces.</p>		<p>Grid Computing is defined as applying many networked computers to solving a single problem simultaneously<ref>http://searchdatacenter.techtarget.com/definition/grid-computing</ref>. It is also defined as a network of computers used by a single company or organization to solve a problem<ref>http://boinc.berkeley.edu/trac/wiki/DesktopGrid</ref>. Yet another definition as implemented by GridRepublic.org creates a supercomputing grid by using volunteer computers from across the globe<ref>http://www.gridrepublic.org/index.php?page=about</ref>. All of these definitions have something in common, and that is using parallel processing to attack a problem that can be broken up into many pieces.</p>

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	\|[http://www.top500.org/system/176027 BladeCenter QS22/LS21 Cluster, PowerXCell 8i 3.2 Ghz / Opteron DC 1.8 GHz, Voltaire Infiniband]		\|[http://www.top500.org/system/176027 BladeCenter QS22/LS21 Cluster, PowerXCell 8i 3.2 Ghz / Opteron DC 1.8 GHz, Voltaire Infiniband]
	\|}		\|}
			<p>For a more detailed version of this list, see [http://expertiza.csc.ncsu.edu/wiki/index.php/CSC/ECE_506_Spring_2012/1a_ry#Top_10_supercomputers_of_today.5B9.5D a fellow student's wiki on supercomputers].</p>

	= Advantages & Disadvantages of Supercomputers =		= Advantages & Disadvantages of Supercomputers =

Mbplautz at 03:47, 7 February 2012

2012-02-07T03:47:06Z

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	<p>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/supercomputer Supercomputers] are extremely capable computers, able to solve complex tasks in a relatively small amount of time. Their ability to massively outperform typical home and office computers is made possible normally either by an abundance of processor cores or smaller computers working in conjunction together. Supercomputers are generally specialized computers that tend to be very expensive, not available for general-purpose use and are used in computations where large amounts of numerical processing is required. They are used in scientific, military, graphics applications and for other number or data intensive computations <ref>http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/supercomputer Definition of supercomputer</ref>, <ref>http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/supercomputer.html Definition of supercomputer</ref>.</p>		<p>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/supercomputer Supercomputers] are extremely capable computers, able to solve complex tasks in a relatively small amount of time. Their ability to massively outperform typical home and office computers is made possible normally either by an abundance of processor cores or smaller computers working in conjunction together. Supercomputers are generally specialized computers that tend to be very expensive, not available for general-purpose use and are used in computations where large amounts of numerical processing is required. They are used in scientific, military, graphics applications and for other number or data intensive computations <ref>http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/supercomputer Definition of supercomputer</ref>, <ref>http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/supercomputer.html Definition of supercomputer</ref>.</p>

	<p>For the history, development and current state of supercomputing, including a top 10 list, please see [http://expertiza.csc.ncsu.edu/wiki/index.php/CSC/ECE_506_Spring_2012/1a_ry ~~our~~ fellow student's wiki article on Supercomputers].</p>		<p>For the history, development and current state of supercomputing, including a fairly recent, detailed top 10 list, please see [http://expertiza.csc.ncsu.edu/wiki/index.php/CSC/ECE_506_Spring_2012/1a_ry a fellow student's wiki article on Supercomputers].</p>

	= Benchmarking Supercomputers =		= Benchmarking Supercomputers =
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	= Comparison of Supercomputers by Architecture =		= Comparison of Supercomputers by Architecture =
	[[File:2011nov-top500-architecture.png\|right\|~~350px~~\|Image from i.TOP500.org/stats]]		[[File:2011nov-top500-architecture.png\|thumb\|right\|upright\|300px\|Current distribution of architecture types among the top 500 supercomputers. Image from i.TOP500.org/stats]]
	<p>Traditional supercomputers of today are composed of three (3) types of parallel processing architectures. These architectures are Cluster, Massively Parallel Processing or MPP, and Constellation <ref name="t500stats" />. A non-traditional, or disruptive approach, to supercomputers is [http://searchdatacenter.techtarget.com/definition/grid-computing Grid Computing]<ref>http://searchdatacenter.techtarget.com/definition/grid-computing</ref>.</p>		<p>Traditional supercomputers of today are composed of three (3) types of parallel processing architectures. These architectures are Cluster, Massively Parallel Processing or MPP, and Constellation <ref name="t500stats" />. A non-traditional, or disruptive approach, to supercomputers is [http://searchdatacenter.techtarget.com/definition/grid-computing Grid Computing]<ref>http://searchdatacenter.techtarget.com/definition/grid-computing</ref>.</p>

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	== Cluster ==		== Cluster ==
	[[File:2011nov-top500-cluster-count.png\|~~Image from i.TOP500.org/stats~~\|right\|~~350px~~\|Image from i.TOP500.org/stats]]		[[File:2011nov-top500-cluster-count.png\|thumb\|right\|upright\|325px\|Number of cluster systems among the top 500 supercomputers since before 2000. Image from i.TOP500.org/stats]]
	<p>A [http://searchdatacenter.techtarget.com/definition/cluster-computing Cluster] is a group of computers connected together that appear as a single system to the outside world and provide load balancing and resource sharing <ref>http://searchdatacenter.techtarget.com/definition/cluster-computing Definition of Cluster Computing</ref>. Invented by Digital Equipment Corporation in the 1980's, clusters of computers form the largest number of supercomputers available today <ref>http://books.google.com/books?id=Hd_JlxD7x3oC&pg=PA90&lpg=PA90&dq=what+is+a+constellation+in+parallel+computing?&source=bl&ots=Rf9nxSqOgL&sig=-xleas5wXvNpvkgYYxguvP1tSLA&hl=en&sa=X&ei=aDcnT-XRNqHX0QHymbjrAg&ved=0CGMQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=what%20is%20a%20constellation%20in%20parallel%20computing%3F&f=false Applied Parallel Computing</ref>, <ref name="t500stats" />.</p>		<p>A [http://searchdatacenter.techtarget.com/definition/cluster-computing Cluster] is a group of computers connected together that appear as a single system to the outside world and provide load balancing and resource sharing <ref>http://searchdatacenter.techtarget.com/definition/cluster-computing Definition of Cluster Computing</ref>. Invented by Digital Equipment Corporation in the 1980's, clusters of computers form the largest number of supercomputers available today <ref>http://books.google.com/books?id=Hd_JlxD7x3oC&pg=PA90&lpg=PA90&dq=what+is+a+constellation+in+parallel+computing?&source=bl&ots=Rf9nxSqOgL&sig=-xleas5wXvNpvkgYYxguvP1tSLA&hl=en&sa=X&ei=aDcnT-XRNqHX0QHymbjrAg&ved=0CGMQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=what%20is%20a%20constellation%20in%20parallel%20computing%3F&f=false Applied Parallel Computing</ref>, <ref name="t500stats" />.</p>

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	== Massively Parallel Processing, MPP ==		== Massively Parallel Processing, MPP ==
	[[File:2011nov-top500-mpp-count.png\|right\|~~350px~~\|Image from i.TOP500.org/stats]]		[[File:2011nov-top500-mpp-count.png\|thumb\|right\|upright\|325px\|Number of MPP systems among the top 500 supercomputers since before 1995. Image from i.TOP500.org/stats]]

	<p>[http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/0,,sid9_gci214085,00.html Massively Parallel Processing] or MPP supercomputers are made up of hundreds of computing nodes and process data in a coordinated fashion <ref name="ttmppdef">http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/0,,sid9_gci214085,00.html</ref>. Each node of the MPP generally has its own memory and operating system and can be made up of nodes that have multiple processors and/or multiple cores <ref name="ttmppdef" />.</p>		<p>[http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/0,,sid9_gci214085,00.html Massively Parallel Processing] or MPP supercomputers are made up of hundreds of computing nodes and process data in a coordinated fashion <ref name="ttmppdef">http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/0,,sid9_gci214085,00.html</ref>. Each node of the MPP generally has its own memory and operating system and can be made up of nodes that have multiple processors and/or multiple cores <ref name="ttmppdef" />.</p>
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	== Constellation ==		== Constellation ==
	[[File:2011nov-top500-constellation-count.png\|right\|350px\|Image from i.TOP500.org/stats]]		[[File:2011nov-top500-constellation-count.png\|thumb\|right\|upright\|350px\|Number of constellation systems among the top 500 supercomputers since before 2000. Image from i.TOP500.org/stats]]
	<p>A [http://www.mimuw.edu.pl/~mbiskup/presentations/Parallel%20Computing.pdf Constellation] is a cluster of supercomputers <ref>http://www.mimuw.edu.pl/~mbiskup/presentations/Parallel%20Computing.pdf</ref>. [http://www.TOP500.org TOP500.org] shows only one constellation supercomputer as of November 2011. The graph shows rapid growth and decline in the first 5 years of the 21st century.</p>		<p>A [http://www.mimuw.edu.pl/~mbiskup/presentations/Parallel%20Computing.pdf Constellation] is a cluster of supercomputers <ref>http://www.mimuw.edu.pl/~mbiskup/presentations/Parallel%20Computing.pdf</ref>. [http://www.TOP500.org TOP500.org] shows only one constellation supercomputer as of November 2011. The graph shows rapid growth and decline in the first 5 years of the 21st century.</p>

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	== Grid Computing ==		== Grid Computing ==
	[[File:20120130-grid-computing-graph.png\|right\|350px\|Image from http://www.gridrepublic.org/index.php?page=stats]]		[[File:20120130-grid-computing-graph.png\|thumb\|right\|upright\|350px\|Daily computing power (TFLOPS) over a several month period. Image from http://www.gridrepublic.org/index.php?page=stats]]
	<p>Grid Computing is defined as applying many networked computers to solving a single problem simultaneously<ref>http://searchdatacenter.techtarget.com/definition/grid-computing</ref>. It is also defined as a network of computers used by a single company or organization to solve a problem<ref>http://boinc.berkeley.edu/trac/wiki/DesktopGrid</ref>. Yet another definition as implemented by GridRepublic.org creates a supercomputing grid by using volunteer computers from across the globe<ref>http://www.gridrepublic.org/index.php?page=about</ref>. All of these definitions have something in common, and that is using parallel processing to attack a problem that can be broken up into many pieces.</p>		<p>Grid Computing is defined as applying many networked computers to solving a single problem simultaneously<ref>http://searchdatacenter.techtarget.com/definition/grid-computing</ref>. It is also defined as a network of computers used by a single company or organization to solve a problem<ref>http://boinc.berkeley.edu/trac/wiki/DesktopGrid</ref>. Yet another definition as implemented by GridRepublic.org creates a supercomputing grid by using volunteer computers from across the globe<ref>http://www.gridrepublic.org/index.php?page=about</ref>. All of these definitions have something in common, and that is using parallel processing to attack a problem that can be broken up into many pieces.</p>

Mbplautz at 01:49, 7 February 2012

2012-02-07T01:49:00Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:49, 7 February 2012
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	<p>Grid Computing is defined as applying many networked computers to solving a single problem simultaneously<ref>http://searchdatacenter.techtarget.com/definition/grid-computing</ref>. It is also defined as a network of computers used by a single company or organization to solve a problem<ref>http://boinc.berkeley.edu/trac/wiki/DesktopGrid</ref>. Yet another definition as implemented by GridRepublic.org creates a supercomputing grid by using volunteer computers from across the globe<ref>http://www.gridrepublic.org/index.php?page=about</ref>. All of these definitions have something in common, and that is using parallel processing to attack a problem that can be broken up into many pieces.</p>		<p>Grid Computing is defined as applying many networked computers to solving a single problem simultaneously<ref>http://searchdatacenter.techtarget.com/definition/grid-computing</ref>. It is also defined as a network of computers used by a single company or organization to solve a problem<ref>http://boinc.berkeley.edu/trac/wiki/DesktopGrid</ref>. Yet another definition as implemented by GridRepublic.org creates a supercomputing grid by using volunteer computers from across the globe<ref>http://www.gridrepublic.org/index.php?page=about</ref>. All of these definitions have something in common, and that is using parallel processing to attack a problem that can be broken up into many pieces.</p>

	<p>The graph generated by data at [www.GridRepublic.~~Org~~ GridRepublic.org] shows the average processing power of this supercomputer created by volunteers from around the world.</p>		<p>The graph generated by data at [http://www.GridRepublic.org GridRepublic.org] shows the average processing power of this supercomputer created by volunteers from around the world.</p>


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	{\|class="wikitable"		{\|class="wikitable"
	!Number		!Number
			!Name
	!System		!System
	\|-		\|-
	\|1		\|1
			\|K computer
	\|[http://www.top500.org/system/177232 SPARC64 VIIIfx 2.0GHz, Tofu interconnect]		\|[http://www.top500.org/system/177232 SPARC64 VIIIfx 2.0GHz, Tofu interconnect]
	\|-		\|-
	\|2		\|2
			\|Tianhe-1A
	\|[http://www.top500.org/system/176929 NUDT YH MPP, Xeon X5670 6C 2.93 GHz, NVIDIA 2050]		\|[http://www.top500.org/system/176929 NUDT YH MPP, Xeon X5670 6C 2.93 GHz, NVIDIA 2050]
	\|-		\|-
	\|3		\|3
			\|Jaguar
	\|[http://www.top500.org/system/176544 Cray XT5-HE Opteron 6-core 2.6 GHz]		\|[http://www.top500.org/system/176544 Cray XT5-HE Opteron 6-core 2.6 GHz]
	\|-		\|-
	\|4		\|4
			\|Nebulae
	\|[http://www.top500.org/system/176819 Dawning TC3600 Blade, Intel X5650, NVidia Tesla C2050 GPU]		\|[http://www.top500.org/system/176819 Dawning TC3600 Blade, Intel X5650, NVidia Tesla C2050 GPU]
	\|-		\|-
	\|5		\|5
			\|TSUBAME 2.0
	\|[http://www.top500.org/system/176927 HP ProLiant SL390s G7 Xeon 6C X5670, Nvidia GPU, Linux/Windows]		\|[http://www.top500.org/system/176927 HP ProLiant SL390s G7 Xeon 6C X5670, Nvidia GPU, Linux/Windows]
	\|-		\|-
	\|6		\|6
			\|Cielo
	\|[http://www.top500.org/system/177170 Cray XE6, Opteron 6136 8C 2.40GHz, Custom]		\|[http://www.top500.org/system/177170 Cray XE6, Opteron 6136 8C 2.40GHz, Custom]
	\|-		\|-
	\|7		\|7
			\|Pleiades
	\|[http://www.top500.org/system/177259 SGI Altix ICE 8200EX/8400EX, Xeon HT QC 3.0/Xeon 5570/5670 2.93 Ghz, Infiniband]		\|[http://www.top500.org/system/177259 SGI Altix ICE 8200EX/8400EX, Xeon HT QC 3.0/Xeon 5570/5670 2.93 Ghz, Infiniband]
	\|-		\|-
	\|8		\|8
			\|Hopper
	\|[http://www.top500.org/system/176952 Cray XE6, Opteron 6172 12C 2.10GHz, Custom]		\|[http://www.top500.org/system/176952 Cray XE6, Opteron 6172 12C 2.10GHz, Custom]
	\|-		\|-
	\|9		\|9
			\|Tera-100
	\|[http://www.top500.org/system/176928 Bull bullx super-node S6010/S6030]		\|[http://www.top500.org/system/176928 Bull bullx super-node S6010/S6030]
	\|-		\|-
	\|10		\|10
			\|Roadrunner
	\|[http://www.top500.org/system/176027 BladeCenter QS22/LS21 Cluster, PowerXCell 8i 3.2 Ghz / Opteron DC 1.8 GHz, Voltaire Infiniband]		\|[http://www.top500.org/system/176027 BladeCenter QS22/LS21 Cluster, PowerXCell 8i 3.2 Ghz / Opteron DC 1.8 GHz, Voltaire Infiniband]
	\|}		\|}
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	<p>An excellent way to compare the advantages and disadvantages of supercomputers is to use a table. Although this list is not exhaustive, it generally sums up the advantages as being the ability solve large number crunching problems quickly but at a high cost due to the specialty of the hardware, the physical scale of the system and power requirements.</p>		<p>An excellent way to compare the advantages and disadvantages of supercomputers is to use a table. Although this list is not exhaustive, it generally sums up the advantages as being the ability solve large number crunching problems quickly but at a high cost due to the specialty of the hardware, the physical scale of the system and power requirements.</p>

	~~<table border = 1>~~
	{\|class="wikitable"		{\|class="wikitable"
	!Advantage		!Advantage
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	\|The ability to process large amounts of data quickly and in parallel, when compared to the ability of low end commercial systems or user computers<ref>http://nickeger.blogspot.com/2011/11/supercomputers-advantages-and.html Eger, Nick (November 2011) Supercomputer advantages adn disadvantages</ref>.		\|The ability to process large amounts of data quickly and in parallel, when compared to the ability of low end commercial systems or user computers<ref>http://nickeger.blogspot.com/2011/11/supercomputers-advantages-and.html Eger, Nick (November 2011) Supercomputer advantages adn disadvantages</ref>.
	\|Cost, power and cooling. Commercial supercomputers costs hundreds of millions of dollars. They have on-going energy and cooling requirements that are expensive<ref name="robertharris">http://www.zdnet.com/blog/storage/build-an-8-ps3-supercomputer/220?tag=rbxccnbzd1 Harris, Robert (October 2007) Build an 8 PS3 supercomputer</ref>.		\|Cost, power and cooling. Commercial supercomputers costs hundreds of millions of dollars. They have on-going energy and cooling requirements that are expensive<ref name="robertharris">http://www.zdnet.com/blog/storage/build-an-8-ps3-supercomputer/220?tag=rbxccnbzd1 Harris, Robert (October 2007) Build an 8 PS3 supercomputer</ref>.
	\|-		\|}
	~~</table>~~

	<p>Although these are advantages and disadvantages of the traditional supercomputer, there is movement towards the consumerization of supercomputers which could result in supercomputers being affordable to the average person<ref name="robertharris" />.		<p>Although these are advantages and disadvantages of the traditional supercomputer, there is movement towards the consumerization of supercomputers which could result in supercomputers being affordable to the average person<ref name="robertharris" />.

Mbplautz at 22:50, 6 February 2012

2012-02-06T22:50:58Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:50, 6 February 2012
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	<p><b>Comparisons Between Supercomputers</b></p>		<p><b>Comparisons Between Supercomputers</b></p>
	<p>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/supercomputer Supercomputers] are extremely capable computers, able to solve complex tasks in a relatively small amount of time. Their ability to massively outperform typical home and office computers is made possible normally either by an abundance of processor cores or smaller computers working in conjunction together. Supercomputers are generally specialized computers that tend to be very expensive, not available for general-purpose use and are used in computations where large amounts of numerical processing is required. They are used in scientific, military, graphics applications and for other number or data intensive computations <ref>http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/supercomputer Definition of supercomputer</ref>, <ref>http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/supercomputer.html Definition of supercomputer</ref>.</p>		<p>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/supercomputer Supercomputers] are extremely capable computers, able to solve complex tasks in a relatively small amount of time. Their ability to massively outperform typical home and office computers is made possible normally either by an abundance of processor cores or smaller computers working in conjunction together. Supercomputers are generally specialized computers that tend to be very expensive, not available for general-purpose use and are used in computations where large amounts of numerical processing is required. They are used in scientific, military, graphics applications and for other number or data intensive computations <ref>http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/supercomputer Definition of supercomputer</ref>, <ref>http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/supercomputer.html Definition of supercomputer</ref>.</p>

Mbplautz: /* Top 10 Supercomputers */

2012-02-06T22:31:34Z

Top 10 Supercomputers

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:31, 6 February 2012
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	= Top 10 Supercomputers =		= Top 10 Supercomputers =
	<p>According to [http://www.top500.org/ Top500.org], the top 10 supercomputers in the world, as of ~~February 2012~~, are listed below:</p>		<p>According to [http://www.top500.org/ Top500.org], the top 10 supercomputers in the world, as of November 2011, are listed below:</p>
	{\|class="wikitable"		{\|class="wikitable"
	!Number		!Number
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	\|-		\|-
	\|1		\|1
	\|SPARC64 VIIIfx 2.0GHz, Tofu interconnect		\|[http://www.top500.org/system/177232 SPARC64 VIIIfx 2.0GHz, Tofu interconnect]
	\|-		\|-
	\|2		\|2
	\|NUDT YH MPP, Xeon X5670 6C 2.93 GHz, NVIDIA 2050		\|[http://www.top500.org/system/176929 NUDT YH MPP, Xeon X5670 6C 2.93 GHz, NVIDIA 2050]
	\|-		\|-
	\|3		\|3
	\|Cray XT5-HE Opteron 6-core 2.6 GHz		\|[http://www.top500.org/system/176544 Cray XT5-HE Opteron 6-core 2.6 GHz]
	\|-		\|-
	\|4		\|4
	\|Dawning TC3600 Blade, Intel X5650, NVidia Tesla C2050 GPU		\|[http://www.top500.org/system/176819 Dawning TC3600 Blade, Intel X5650, NVidia Tesla C2050 GPU]
	\|-		\|-
	\|5		\|5
	\|HP ProLiant SL390s G7 Xeon 6C X5670, Nvidia GPU, Linux/Windows		\|[http://www.top500.org/system/176927 HP ProLiant SL390s G7 Xeon 6C X5670, Nvidia GPU, Linux/Windows]
	\|-		\|-
	\|6		\|6
	\|Cray XE6, Opteron 6136 8C 2.40GHz, Custom		\|[http://www.top500.org/system/177170 Cray XE6, Opteron 6136 8C 2.40GHz, Custom]
	\|-		\|-
	\|7		\|7
	\|SGI Altix ICE 8200EX/8400EX, Xeon HT QC 3.0/Xeon 5570/5670 2.93 Ghz, Infiniband		\|[http://www.top500.org/system/177259 SGI Altix ICE 8200EX/8400EX, Xeon HT QC 3.0/Xeon 5570/5670 2.93 Ghz, Infiniband]
	\|-		\|-
	\|8		\|8
	\|Cray XE6, Opteron 6172 12C 2.10GHz, Custom		\|[http://www.top500.org/system/176952 Cray XE6, Opteron 6172 12C 2.10GHz, Custom]
	\|-		\|-
	\|9		\|9
	\|Bull bullx super-node S6010/S6030		\|[http://www.top500.org/system/176928 Bull bullx super-node S6010/S6030]
	\|-		\|-
	\|10		\|10
	\|BladeCenter QS22/LS21 Cluster, PowerXCell 8i 3.2 Ghz / Opteron DC 1.8 GHz, Voltaire Infiniband		\|[http://www.top500.org/system/176027 BladeCenter QS22/LS21 Cluster, PowerXCell 8i 3.2 Ghz / Opteron DC 1.8 GHz, Voltaire Infiniband]
	\|}		\|}

Mbplautz at 22:28, 6 February 2012

2012-02-06T22:28:10Z

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	<p>The GridRepublic.org statistics is for 55 applications running using a total of 10,979,114 GFLOPS or 10,979.114 TFLOPS<ref name="grstats">http://www.gridrepublic.org/index.php?page=stats</ref>.</p>		<p>The GridRepublic.org statistics is for 55 applications running using a total of 10,979,114 GFLOPS or 10,979.114 TFLOPS<ref name="grstats">http://www.gridrepublic.org/index.php?page=stats</ref>.</p>

			= Top 10 Supercomputers =
			<p>According to [http://www.top500.org/ Top500.org], the top 10 supercomputers in the world, as of February 2012, are listed below:</p>
			{\|class="wikitable"
			!Number
			!System
			\|-
			\|1
			\|SPARC64 VIIIfx 2.0GHz, Tofu interconnect
			\|-
			\|2
			\|NUDT YH MPP, Xeon X5670 6C 2.93 GHz, NVIDIA 2050
			\|-
			\|3
			\|Cray XT5-HE Opteron 6-core 2.6 GHz
			\|-
			\|4
			\|Dawning TC3600 Blade, Intel X5650, NVidia Tesla C2050 GPU
			\|-
			\|5
			\|HP ProLiant SL390s G7 Xeon 6C X5670, Nvidia GPU, Linux/Windows
			\|-
			\|6
			\|Cray XE6, Opteron 6136 8C 2.40GHz, Custom
			\|-
			\|7
			\|SGI Altix ICE 8200EX/8400EX, Xeon HT QC 3.0/Xeon 5570/5670 2.93 Ghz, Infiniband
			\|-
			\|8
			\|Cray XE6, Opteron 6172 12C 2.10GHz, Custom
			\|-
			\|9
			\|Bull bullx super-node S6010/S6030
			\|-
			\|10
			\|BladeCenter QS22/LS21 Cluster, PowerXCell 8i 3.2 Ghz / Opteron DC 1.8 GHz, Voltaire Infiniband
			\|}

	= Advantages & Disadvantages of Supercomputers =		= Advantages & Disadvantages of Supercomputers =

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	<p><b>Comparisons Between Supercomputers</b></p>		<p><b>Comparisons Between Supercomputers</b></p>

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	<p><b>Comparisons Between Supercomputers</b></p>		<p><b>Comparisons Between Supercomputers</b></p>
	<p>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/supercomputer Supercomputers] are extremely capable computers, able to solve complex tasks in a relatively small amount of time. Their ability to massively outperform typical home and office computers is made possible normally either by an abundance of processor cores or smaller computers working in conjunction together. Supercomputers are generally specialized computers that tend to be very expensive, not available for general-purpose use and are used in computations where large amounts of numerical processing is required. They are used in scientific, military, graphics applications and for other number or data intensive computations <ref>http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/supercomputer Definition of supercomputer</ref>, <ref>http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/supercomputer.html Definition of supercomputer</ref>.</p>		<p>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/supercomputer Supercomputers] are extremely capable computers, able to solve complex tasks in a relatively small amount of time. Their ability to massively outperform typical home and office computers is made possible normally either by an abundance of processor cores or smaller computers working in conjunction together. Supercomputers are generally specialized computers that tend to be very expensive, not available for general-purpose use and are used in computations where large amounts of numerical processing is required. They are used in scientific, military, graphics applications and for other number or data intensive computations <ref>http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/supercomputer Definition of supercomputer</ref>, <ref>http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/supercomputer.html Definition of supercomputer</ref>.</p>

Mbplautz at 21:04, 5 February 2012

2012-02-05T21:04:14Z

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	<p>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/supercomputer Supercomputers] are extremely capable computers, able to solve complex tasks in a relatively small amount of time. Their ability to massively outperform typical home and office computers is made possible normally either by an abundance of processor cores or smaller computers working in conjunction together. Supercomputers are generally specialized computers that tend to be very expensive, not available for general-purpose use and are used in computations where large amounts of numerical processing is required. They are used in scientific, military, graphics applications and for other number or data intensive computations <ref>http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/supercomputer Definition of supercomputer</ref>, <ref>http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/supercomputer.html Definition of supercomputer</ref>.</p>		<p>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/supercomputer Supercomputers] are extremely capable computers, able to solve complex tasks in a relatively small amount of time. Their ability to massively outperform typical home and office computers is made possible normally either by an abundance of processor cores or smaller computers working in conjunction together. Supercomputers are generally specialized computers that tend to be very expensive, not available for general-purpose use and are used in computations where large amounts of numerical processing is required. They are used in scientific, military, graphics applications and for other number or data intensive computations <ref>http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/supercomputer Definition of supercomputer</ref>, <ref>http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/supercomputer.html Definition of supercomputer</ref>.</p>

	<p>For the history, development and current state of supercomputing, including a top 10 list, please see [http://expertiza.csc.ncsu.edu/wiki/index.php/CSC/ECE_506_Spring_2012/1a_ry our fellow student's wiki article on Supercomputers].		<p>For the history, development and current state of supercomputing, including a top 10 list, please see [http://expertiza.csc.ncsu.edu/wiki/index.php/CSC/ECE_506_Spring_2012/1a_ry our fellow student's wiki article on Supercomputers].</p>

	= Benchmarking Supercomputers =		= Benchmarking Supercomputers =

Mewilbor at 18:39, 5 February 2012

2012-02-05T18:39:47Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:39, 5 February 2012
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	<p><b>Comparisons Between Supercomputers</b></p>		<p><b>Comparisons Between Supercomputers</b></p>
	<p>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/supercomputer Supercomputers] are extremely capable computers, able to solve complex tasks in a relatively small amount of time. Their ability to massively outperform typical home and office computers is made possible normally either by an abundance of processor cores or smaller computers working in conjunction together. Supercomputers are generally specialized computers that tend to be very expensive, not available for general-purpose use and are used in computations where large amounts of numerical processing is required. They are used in scientific, military, graphics applications and for other number or data intensive computations <ref>http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/supercomputer Definition of supercomputer</ref>, <ref>http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/supercomputer.html Definition of supercomputer</ref>.</p>		<p>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/supercomputer Supercomputers] are extremely capable computers, able to solve complex tasks in a relatively small amount of time. Their ability to massively outperform typical home and office computers is made possible normally either by an abundance of processor cores or smaller computers working in conjunction together. Supercomputers are generally specialized computers that tend to be very expensive, not available for general-purpose use and are used in computations where large amounts of numerical processing is required. They are used in scientific, military, graphics applications and for other number or data intensive computations <ref>http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/supercomputer Definition of supercomputer</ref>, <ref>http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/supercomputer.html Definition of supercomputer</ref>.</p>

			<p>For the history, development and current state of supercomputing, including a top 10 list, please see [http://expertiza.csc.ncsu.edu/wiki/index.php/CSC/ECE_506_Spring_2012/1a_ry our fellow student's wiki article on Supercomputers].

	= Benchmarking Supercomputers =		= Benchmarking Supercomputers =