CSC 379:Week 4, Group 6

2007-07-29T21:04:26Z

Rfturner: /* Mapping / Google Street View */

=Mapping / Google Street View=
Many are concerned about the invasiveness of satellite/aerospace imaging. Governments have complained of risks related to the availability of images of sensitive military or strategic sites, sometimes requesting obfuscation or blackouts of the compromising images. With the expansion of mapping technologies to the street level (see links below), more people have become concerned about how invasive to their privacy public photography can be.

Amongst many lawful and beneficial uses, mapping technologies have also made it easier for planning crimes.

'''Explore the ethical implications of mapping technologies. Should mapping technologies comply with the laws of every country that has access their services even if they are not located there? Are requests for censorship of public photography ethical? When? As mapping imagery increases in coverage and resolution over time, should there be limits set or censorship mandated to protect the public from lawful but invasive and sometimes unwanted photography?'''

==Resources==
===Relevant External Links:===
* [http://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/01/technology/01private.html Google Zooms In Too Close for Some (New York Times)]
* [http://www.boingboing.net/2007/06/05/google_street_view_a.html Public Opinion on Google Street View (Boing Boing)]

CSC 379:Week 2, Group 6

2007-07-19T02:15:02Z

Rfturner: /* Overview */

=Software Patents=

==Overview==
*A patent protects an idea or concept relating to software.
*A patent must be:
**Novel: It must be new, not capitolize on an existing idea that is already in use.
**Nonobvious: You can't patent anything thought of a "common knowledge" or obvious. It should not be an obvious idea to the reasonable person.
**Useful
**Fully Disclosed: Meaning that a person should be able to create your idea simply by looking at the design in the patent.
*Most patents last for 20 years.
*Until 1981 in general computer programs were not patentable.
*Most software patents these days only protect the small algorithms and techniques that are the building blocks to larger programs and not entire programs.

'''Cottage Industries & Patents:'''
* What are the ethical implications of having businesses devoted solely to acquiring, holding, and enforcing patents through lawsuits? What are the costs and benefits posed by allowing these “cottage industries” to exist?
'''Links:'''

'''Patents & Competition:'''
* Often groups will not enforce patents through lawsuits due to the risk of their patents being found invalid. They have found that it is often more wise to acquire and hold patents as a deterrent to competition. These actions pose a risk to software developers that do not have patents of their own to balance the threats. Examine the ethical considerations of this practice and of the responses to counter patent litigation threats.
'''Links:'''

'''Patent Infringemaent:'''
*Patents on software are there to protect the labor, time, and money invested ny the creator during the developement of the software. However, many people believe that patents become just an obstacle to developing new software. Many people have begun patenting basic ideas that were already commonly in use in the industry. Often patents are intentionaly broad to make them more valuable. These basic patents are beginning to make it very difficult for the developement and distribution of new software. People have patented all simple code and ideas that are essential to developing higher level software. This means a software developer must negotiate with each patent holder he violates to try and obtain a license to use it. This is obviuosly making it much harder for a software developer to produce a legal product.
**'''With all these problem created by software patents what ethics are involved in the development of software that likely infringes on existing patents?'''
***One of the main criteria for a patent is it be novel and nonobvious, the problem with this is for many the US Patent Office employed no computer science professionals; so they had no idea what ideas and practices were considers basic and obvious and had been in use for years in the software developement field. This means that many of these patents should never been issued in the first place.
***Software patents do not cover entire programs. Patents only cover the specific algorithms and techniques to carry out a task in a program. All these small bits being patented makes it nearly impossible to use them to develope a large useful program.
***With the internet and sites like Google Patent Search it is becoming much easier to find and research patents in order to avoind infringement. This has made unintentional infringement a less likely event with patent information more widely available.
***Patents are however difficult, timely, and very expensive to obtain. This means that no matter how trivial or redundant a patent might be someone has put a great deal of effort into obtaining it and thus have a legitimate claim to ownership of the idea. This should also discourage people from just filing as many patents as possible as a way to make a profit.
*According to the US Constitution the purpose of patent is to "promote the progress of science and the useful arts." So the question is do software patents promote progress? It is most likely that they don't. Most software patents only hinder the progress of the field by forcing developers to deal with lawsuits, red tape, and licensing issues. Many people feel that patent laws need to be changed and more specific rules for software patents need to be developed.
'''Links:'''
*[http://lpf.ai.mit.edu/Patents/patents.html Software Patents]
*[http://www.uspto.gov/ United States Patent and Trademark Office]
*[http://www.google.com/patents Google Patent Search]

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CSC 379:Week 4, Group 6

CSC 379:Week 2, Group 6