CSC 456 Spring 2012/ch1 BC

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From 2006-2012 the increase in the number of transistors on a chip has grown from 167 million to 2.6 billion, a 15x increase.

From 2006-2012 the clock frequency has increased from 2.4ghz to 5.2, a 2.2x increase.

IBM now has the 16-core processor Power PC A2, Intel has the 10 core Xeon E7, AMD has the 16 Opteron Interlagos, and Sun has the 8-core Niagara.<ref name="Proc Specs"/>

Evolution of Intel Processors
From Procs Specifications New Features
1971 4004 740KHz, 2300 transistors, 10 micrometers, 640B addressable memory, 4KB program memory
1978 8086 16-bit, 5-10MHz, 29000 transistors at 3 micrometers, 1MB addressable memory
1982 80286 8-12.5MHz Virtual memory and protection mode
1985 386 32-bit, 16-33MHz, 275K transistors, 4GB addressable memory Pipelining
1989 486 25-100MHz, 1.5M transistors FPU integration
1993 Pentium 60-200MHz On-chip L1 caches and SMP suport
1995 Pentium Pro 16KB L1 caches, 5.5M transistors OOO execution
1997 Pentium MMX 233-450MHz, 32KB L1 cache, 4.5M transistors Dynamic branch prediction, MMX instruction sets
1999 Pentium III 450-1400MHz, 256KB L2 cache on chip, 28M transistors SSE instruction sets
2000 Pentium IV 1.4-3GHz, 55M transistors Hyperpipelining and SMT
2006 Xeon 64-bit, 2GHz, 167M transistors, 4MB L2 cache on chip Dual-core and virtualization support
2008 Intel Core i7 64-bit, 3.2GHz, 730M transistors, 4 core
2010 Intel Xeon "Nehalem-EX" 64-bit, 2.66GHz, 2300M transistors, 8 core
2011 Intel Xeon E7 64-bit, 2.67GHz, 2600M transistors, 10 core First Intel chip with 10 processors


Examples of Current Multicore Processors
Name # Cores Clock Freq Clock Type Caches Chip Power
z196 4 cores 5.3GHz OOO Superscalar 128KB L1, 1.5MB L2, 24MB L3, 192MB L4 1800W
Intel Xeon E 10 cores 2.67GHz SIMD 64KB L1, 256KB L2, 30MB L3 130W

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