CSC/ECE 506 Spring 2012/1b as: Difference between revisions

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==What is Moore's Law?==
==What is Moore's Law?==
[[Image:TransCount59-75.png|right]]
[[Image:TransCount59-75.png|right]]
Moore's law, named after Gordon Moore, co-founder of Intel, states that the number of transistors that can be placed on an integrated circuit will double approximately every two years<ref>http://www.computerhistory.org/semiconductor/timeline/1965-Moore.html</ref>.  The original prediction in 1965 stated a doubling every 12 months, but in 1975, after microprocessors were introduced that were less dense he slowed the rate of doubling to it's current state of two years <ref>http://arstechnica.com/hardware/news/2008/09/moore.ars</ref>.  Instead of giving an empirical formula predicting the rate of increase, Moore instead used prose, graphs, and images to convey these predictions and observations to the masses.  This in some ways increased the staying power of Moore's law, allowing the industry to use it as a benchmark of success and a measurable determination of their success.  Virtually all digital devices are in some way fundamentally linked to the growth set in place by Moore's law.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore's_law</ref>
Moore's law, named after Gordon Moore, co-founder of Intel, states that the number of transistors that can be placed on an [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_circuit integrated circuit] will double approximately every two years<ref>http://www.computerhistory.org/semiconductor/timeline/1965-Moore.html</ref>.  The original prediction in 1965 stated a doubling every 12 months, but in 1975, after microprocessors were introduced that were less dense he slowed the rate of doubling to it's current state of two years <ref>http://arstechnica.com/hardware/news/2008/09/moore.ars</ref>.  Instead of giving an empirical formula predicting the rate of increase, Moore instead used prose, graphs, and images to convey these predictions and observations to the masses.  This in some ways increased the staying power of Moore's law, allowing the industry to use it as a benchmark of success and a measurable determination of their success.  Virtually all digital devices are in some way fundamentally linked to the growth set in place by Moore's law.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore's_law</ref>


==The lesser known second law==
==The lesser known second law==

Revision as of 05:22, 31 January 2012

What is Moore's Law?

Moore's law, named after Gordon Moore, co-founder of Intel, states that the number of transistors that can be placed on an integrated circuit will double approximately every two years<ref>http://www.computerhistory.org/semiconductor/timeline/1965-Moore.html</ref>. The original prediction in 1965 stated a doubling every 12 months, but in 1975, after microprocessors were introduced that were less dense he slowed the rate of doubling to it's current state of two years <ref>http://arstechnica.com/hardware/news/2008/09/moore.ars</ref>. Instead of giving an empirical formula predicting the rate of increase, Moore instead used prose, graphs, and images to convey these predictions and observations to the masses. This in some ways increased the staying power of Moore's law, allowing the industry to use it as a benchmark of success and a measurable determination of their success. Virtually all digital devices are in some way fundamentally linked to the growth set in place by Moore's law.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore's_law</ref>

The lesser known second law

Also know as Rock's law, this law is a direct consequence to Moore's law in that the cost to produce transistors on a chip may go down, these costs instead flow towards manufacturing, testing, and research and development. The law states that the cost of a semiconductor chip fabrication plant doubles ever four years. Simply put, in order for Moore's law to hold, Rock's law must also hold.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock%27s_law</ref>

Moore's law, past to present

Reviewing data from the inception of Moore's law to the present shows that, consistent to Moore's prediction, the number of transistors on a chip has doubled approximately every 2 years. There are several contributing factors, that had they not been developed, could have slowed or plateaued Moore's law. Some of these are, the invention Dynamic random access memory (DRAM), complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS), and the invention of the integrated circuit itself. Moore's law isn't only responsible for making larger and faster chips, but also smaller, cheaper, and more efficient ones as well.

Processor Transistor count Date of introduction Manufacturer Process Area
Intel 4004 2,300 1971 Intel 10 µm 12 mm²
Intel 8008 3,500 1972 Intel 10 µm 14 mm²
MOS Technology 6502 3,510 1975 MOS Technology 21 mm²
Motorola 6800 4,100 1974 Motorola 16 mm²
Intel 8080 4,500 1974 Intel 6 μm 20 mm²
RCA 1802 5,000 1974 RCA 5 μm 27 mm²
Intel 8085 6,500 1976 Intel 3 μm 20 mm²
Zilog Z80 8,500 1976 Zilog 4 μm 18 mm²
Motorola 6809 9,000 1978 Motorola 5 μm 21 mm²
Intel 8086 29,000 1978 Intel 3 μm 33 mm²
Intel 8088 29,000 1979 Intel 3 μm 33 mm²
Intel 80186 55,000 1982 Intel
Motorola 68000 68,000 1979 Motorola 4 μm 44 mm²
Intel 80286 134,000 1982 Intel 1.5 µm 49 mm²
Intel 80386 275,000 1985 Intel 1.5 µm 104 mm²
Intel 80486 1,180,000 1989 Intel 1 µm 160 mm²
Pentium 3,100,000 1993 Intel 0.8 µm 294 mm²
AMD K5 4,300,000 1996 AMD 0.5 µm
Pentium II 7,500,000 1997 Intel 0.35 µm 195 mm²
AMD K6 8,800,000 1997 AMD 0.35 µm
Pentium III 9,500,000 1999 Intel 0.25 µm
AMD K6-III 21,300,000 1999 AMD 0.25 µm
AMD K7 22,000,000 1999 AMD 0.25 µm
Pentium 4 42,000,000 2000 Intel 180 nm
Atom 47,000,000 2008 Intel 45 nm
Barton 54,300,000 2003 AMD 130 nm
AMD K8 105,900,000 2003 AMD 130 nm
Itanium 2 220,000,000 2003 Intel 130 nm
Cell 241,000,000 2006 Sony/IBM/Toshiba 90 nm
Core 2 Duo 291,000,000 2006 Intel 65 nm
AMD K10 463,000,000 2007 AMD 65 nm
AMD K10 758,000,000 2008 AMD 45 nm
Itanium 2 with 9MB cache 592,000,000 2004 Intel 130 nm
Core i7 (Quad) 731,000,000 2008 Intel 45 nm 263 mm²
Six-Core Xeon 7400 1,900,000,000 2008 Intel 45 nm
POWER6 789,000,000 2007 IBM 65 nm 341 mm²
Six-Core Opteron 2400 904,000,000 2009 AMD 45 nm 346 mm²
16-Core SPARC T3 1,000,000,000 2010 Sun/Oracle Corporation|Oracle 40 nm 377 mm²
Core i7 (Gulftown) 1,170,000,000 2010 Intel 32 nm 240 mm²
8-core POWER7 1,200,000,000 2010 IBM 45 nm 567 mm²
z196 1,400,000,000 2010 IBM 45 nm 512 mm²
Dual-Core Itanium 2 1,700,000,000 2006 Intel 90 nm 596 mm²
Tukwila 2,000,000,000 2010 Intel 65 nm 699 mm²
Core i7 (Sandy Bridge-E) 2,270,000,000 2011 Intel 32 nm 434 mm²
Nehalem-EX 2,300,000,000 2010 Intel 45 nm 684 mm²
10-Core Xeon Westmere-EX 2,600,000,000 2011 Intel 32 nm 512 mm²

References

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